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In this tutorial, we will explore how to utilize scripts in EchoAPI for advanced API testing and development. EchoAPI scripts, written in JavaScript, allow you to add dynamic functionality to your API requests. By understanding both pre-execution and post-execution scripts, you can enhance your testing capabilities, manage variables, and manipulate request parameters effortlessly. Let's dive into the powerful features of EchoAPI scripts and see how they can streamline your API workflow.
EchoAPI scripts are code snippets based on JavaScript that allow you to add dynamic behavior during API requests or collection tests.
Scripts can achieve the following functions:
EchoAPI scripts are divided into pre-execution and post-execution scripts.
Pre-execution scripts are executed before a request is sent.
Post-execution scripts are executed after a request is sent.
As shown in the diagram below (console output), the pre-execution script runs before the request is sent, and the post-execution script runs after the request is complete:
Pre-execution scripts have several key functions:
For example, we can define a function _random in the pre-execution script:
function _random() { return 'Hello, EchoAPI ' + Math.random(); }
This function returns a string: "Hello, EchoAPI" followed by a random number. We can then assign it to a global variable random_var as follows:
pm.globals.set("random_var", _random());
We can use console.log() to print the necessary variables to the console and view the current values of those variables.
pm.variables.set("key", "value"); // Set an environment variable 'key' with value 'value'
pm.variables.get("key"); // Get the value of the environment variable 'key'
pm.variables.delete("key"); // Delete the environment variable 'key'
pm.variables.clear(); // Clear all defined environment variables
pm.globals.set("key", "value"); // Set a global variable 'key' with value 'value'
pm.globals.get("key"); // Get the value of the global variable 'key'
pm.globals.delete("key"); // Delete the global variable 'key'
pm.globals.clear(); // Clear all defined global variables
Request parameters can be accessed through the request object. For more details, refer to the "EchoAPI Built-in Variables" section.
pm.setRequestHeader("key", "value"); // Dynamically add a header parameter with key 'key' and value 'value'
pm.removeRequestHeader("key"); // Remove the header parameter with key 'key'
pm.setRequestQuery("key", "value"); // Dynamically add a query parameter
pm.removeRequestQuery("key"); // Remove the query parameter with key 'key'
pm.setRequestBody("key", "value"); // Dynamically add a body parameter
pm.removeRequestBody("key"); // Remove the body parameter with key 'key'
You can send an HTTP request using AJAX’s $.ajax() method in a pre-execution script. Here’s a simple example where a request is sent to https://echo.apipost.cn/get.php, and the response's bigint is assigned to a global variable bigint:
function _random() { return 'Hello, EchoAPI ' + Math.random(); }
Post-execution scripts are executed after a request has been sent and can perform many of the same functions as pre-execution scripts, including:
The methods for defining, retrieving, deleting, and clearing environment and global variables are the same as those in pre-execution scripts and will not be repeated here.
You can access response parameters via the response object. For detailed operations, refer to the "EchoAPI Built-in Variables" section.
You can use post-execution scripts to test (assert) the correctness of request response results.
In summary, EchoAPI scripts offer a robust way to enhance your API testing and development processes. By leveraging both pre-execution and post-execution scripts, you can dynamically manage request parameters, assert response validity, and effectively utilize variables. This functionality not only streamlines the testing process but also allows for more complex operations, making it easier to ensure the accuracy and efficiency of your API integrations. Start implementing EchoAPI scripts today and elevate your API testing experience!
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