How Can I Build a Simple HTTP Server in Java Using jdk.httpserver?

Simple HTTP Server in Java: A Comprehensive Guide

In the vast landscape of Java development, creating a simple HTTP server may seem like a tedious task involving manual parsing and formatting. However, with the introduction of Java SE 6, a built-in HTTP server has emerged, offering a simplified solution to this challenge.

Embedded HTTP Server in Java SE

Since Java SE 6, the jdk.httpserver module has provided a robust HTTP server functionality. This module encapsulates the core functionality for handling HTTP requests and formatting responses, eliminating the need for manual coding.

Implementation:

Here's a straightforward example of how to implement an HTTP server using the jdk.httpserver module:

// com.stackoverflow.q3732109
import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpExchange;
import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpHandler;
import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpServer;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        HttpServer server = HttpServer.create(new InetSocketAddress(8000), 0);
        server.createContext("/test", new MyHandler());
        server.setExecutor(null); // creates a default executor
        server.start();
    }

    static class MyHandler implements HttpHandler {
        @Override
        public void handle(HttpExchange t) throws IOException {
            String response = "This is the response";
            t.sendResponseHeaders(200, response.length());
            OutputStream os = t.getResponseBody();
            os.write(response.getBytes());
            os.close();
        }
    }
}

Execution and Response:

Execute this code and navigate to http://localhost:8000/test in your browser. The following response will be displayed:

This is the response

Note on com.sun.* Classes:

While it's generally recommended to avoid using com.sun.* classes, it's important to note that the HttpServer in jdk.httpserver is an exception. This class is guaranteed to be present in all Oracle JDKs, ensuring portability without compromising compatibility.

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