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C employs RAII (Resource Acquisition Is Initialization), a paradigm where objects initialize resources in their constructor and release them in their destructor. Proper cleanup is crucial to ensure that all resources are released and the program exits in a well-defined state.
std::exit is a C function that terminates the program without performing stack unwinding. This means that no objects' destructors will be called, leaving allocated resources unfreed and potentially leading to crashes.
The recommended approach is to return from the main function to initiate program termination. This ensures that all objects' destructors are automatically called.
An alternative is to throw an exception and catch it in the main function. However, it's essential to catch all exceptions to ensure that stack unwinding occurs.
It's important to note that stack unwinding is not always guaranteed when exceptions are thrown. If an unhandled exception propagates outside a function with a noexcept specification, stack unwinding may be skipped, leading to improper cleanup.
Other options for terminating a program include std::_Exit (normal termination), std::quick_exit (no cleanup), std::abort (abnormal termination), and std::terminate (calls std::abort). However, these are not recommended for general use and should be reserved for specific circumstances.
To summarize, always strive to:
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