How to Efficiently Store and Retrieve Images in a Java Web Application?

Storing and Retrieving Images in a Java Web Application

Saving an Image to the Server

To save an image to the server, specify a fixed path outside the Tomcat webapps folder. For instance, if you create a folder named "upload" at "/var/webapp/", you can set it as a VM argument (-Dupload.location=/var/webapp/upload) or environment variable.

Using this path, complete the upload process as follows:

Path folder = Paths.get(System.getProperty("upload.location"));
String filename = FilenameUtils.getBaseName(uploadedFile.getName());
String extension = FilenameUtils.getExtension(uploadedFile.getName());
Path file = Files.createTempFile(folder, filename + "-","." + extension);

try (InputStream input = uploadedFile.getInputStream()) {
    Files.copy(input, file, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
}

String uploadedFileName = file.getFileName().toString();
// Store it in DB

Retrieving an Image from the Server

The ideal way to retrieve an image is to add the upload location as a separate Context to Tomcat:

<Context docBase="/var/webapp/upload" path="/uploads" />

This allows direct access to the image via a URL such as http://example.com/uploads/foo-123456.ext.

If server configuration control is limited, consider storing the image in the database or using a third-party host like Amazon S3.

Additional Resources:

• [File.getAbsolutePath() vs. File.getPath()](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3693101/java-file-getabsolutepath-vs-getpath)
• [Reliable data serving](https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-8.5-doc/config/context.html#Reliable_data_serving)

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