Storing IPv6-Compatible Addresses in a Relational Database
When designing an application to be IPv6-ready, it is crucial to devise a storage strategy for IP addresses and CIDR blocks in a database. MySQL, lacking native IPv6 address support, presents a challenge in this regard.
Storage Strategies
The article explores several approaches to storing IPv6 addresses in MySQL:
- 2 x BIGINT (UNSIGNED): Splitting the address into two 64-bit integers aligns with the /64 boundary in IPv6.
- CHAR(16): Binary storage option, but requires conversion for processing.
- CHAR(39): Text storage option, verbose and less efficient.
- 8 x SMALLINT in a Dedicated Table: Decomposing the address into eight 16-bit chunks, stored in a separate table.
Recommendation
Due to MySQL's lack of IPv6 support, the most viable option is to use 2 x BIGINT (UNSIGNED) columns. This method:
- Optimizes storage: Avoids the overhead of conversion or using additional tables.
- Maintains natural alignment: Aligns with the common /64 subnet boundary in IPv6.
- Supports unsigned values: Ensures that the full address range can be represented.
By adopting this approach, you can effectively store IPv6 addresses and CIDR blocks in a MySQL database, ensuring your application is IPv6-ready.
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