MySQL vs. MongoDB: Why Do They Show Similar Read Performance Despite Different Structures?

MySQL vs MongoDB: A Comparative Performance Analysis

Question:

Why does MySQL appear to offer similar read performance to MongoDB despite significant differences in database structure?

Answer:

MongoDB's performance advantage lies not in its inherent speed but in its ability to model data in a way that aligns with specific workloads.

In traditional relational databases like MySQL, complex data is stored in normalized tables with multiple indexes to maintain integrity. This leads to extensive IO operations for each access.

MongoDB, on the other hand, allows for a more flexible data organization. By storing entire entities in a single document, it significantly reduces the number of IOs required to retrieve complete data.

For example, in a MySQL database, retrieving an entity might involve dozens of table lookups and IO operations. In contrast, MongoDB performs only one index lookup and one page read to retrieve the entire entity from a single document.

Thus, in use cases where data can be modeled efficiently with document-oriented storage, MongoDB offers superior performance compared to relational databases like MySQL. However, it's important to note that this performance advantage is highly dependent on the specific data structure and access patterns.

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