Why Does Selenium Throw \'ElementNotInteractableException\' During Gmail Login Automation?

"ElementNotInteractableException" Thrown by Selenium WebDriver

When attempting to automate Gmail login with Selenium WebDriver, users may encounter the "ElementNotInteractableException" error. This error indicates that certain elements on the web page are not in a state that allows for interaction.

Causes and Solutions

Common causes and solutions for "ElementNotInteractableException" include:

• Temporary Overlay: If another element overlaps the target element, an explicit wait can be induced using "WebDriverWait" in combination with ExpectedCondition as "invisibilityOfElementLocated" or "elementToBeClickable" to wait for the overlay to disappear before interacting with the element.
• Permanent Overlay: When the overlay is permanent, a cast of the WebDriver instance to JavascriptExecutor and the execution of "arguments[0].click();" can be used to perform the click operation.

Solving the Error in This Context

In the provided code, the error is caused by a lack of wait for the Password field to be properly rendered in the HTML DOM. Adding an explicit wait using "WebDriverWait" resolves the issue:

System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver","C:\Users\Ruchi\workspace2\SeleniumTest\jar\geckodriver-v0.17.0-win64\geckodriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
String url = "https://accounts.google.com/signin";
driver.get(url);
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
WebElement email_phone = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='identifierId']"));
email_phone.sendKeys("[email protected]");
driver.findElement(By.id("identifierNext")).click();
WebElement password = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@name='password']"));
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 20);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(password));
password.sendKeys("test1");
driver.findElement(By.id("passwordNext")).click();

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