How to Successfully Use Java Client Certificates with HTTPS/SSL?

Java Client Certificates over HTTPS/SSL: A Walkthrough

Scenario

Consider a Java 6 application that attempts to establish an HTTPS connection to a remote server using a client certificate. The server employs a self-signed root certificate and mandates the presentation of a password-protected client certificate.

Challenge

Despite adding the server root certificate and client certificate to the default keystore, the connection fails with a handshake failure. The application seeks guidance on utilizing the client certificate effectively.

Solution

The resolution entails three steps:

1. Importing Server Certificate into Truststore: The server's self-signed certificate must be imported into a truststore using the keytool utility:

   keytool -import -alias <server_alias> -file <server_cert>.crt -storepass <password> -keystore <truststore_name>.keystore

2. Configuring JVM Properties: Set specific JVM properties to specify the truststore and keystore paths, passwords, and types:

   -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStoreType=pkcs12
   -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStoreType=jks
   -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStore=<client_cert>.p12
   -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=<truststore_name>.keystore
   -Djavax.net.debug=ssl
   -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword=<password>
   -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword=<password>

3. Updated Connection Code: Utilize the SSLSocketFactory to establish the HTTPS connection and set the SSL socket factory for the connection:

   SSLSocketFactory sslsocketfactory = (SSLSocketFactory) SSLSocketFactory.getDefault();
   URL url = new URL("https://<server_host>:<port>/cgi-bin/ls.py");
   HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection)url.openConnection();
   conn.setSSLSocketFactory(sslsocketfactory);

   This approach addresses the issue by authenticating the client to the server using the designated client certificate.

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