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Dynamic vs. Static Runtime Libraries in Visual Studio: Which Should You Choose?

Susan Sarandon

Nov 17, 2024 am 10:21 AM

Dynamic vs. Static Runtime Libraries in Visual Studio: Which Should You Choose?

Weighing the Pros and Cons of Dynamic vs. Static Runtime Libraries in Visual Studio

Visual Studio offers two compile flags, /MD and /MT, providing developers with the choice between dynamic and static linking with the C runtime library. Understanding the implications of each option is crucial before making a decision.

Implications of Dynamic Runtime Library (/MD)

Dynamic linking with /MD brings several advantages:

Runtime Update Capability: /MD enables the runtime library to be updated by the system, potentially addressing security issues or performance enhancements. However, as mentioned in the question, this may also pose a concern if updates are not thoroughly tested before deployment.
Reduced Executable Size: Dynamic linking allows the executable to be smaller as it excludes the statically linked runtime library.
Shared DLL Memory: The code segment of a DLL is shared among actively using processes, reducing overall memory consumption.

Implications of Static Runtime Library (/MT)

While /MT ensures a statically linked runtime library, it also has its drawbacks:

Lack of Runtime Updates: Static linking prevents the runtime library from being updated, ensuring stability but potentially missing out on security patches or performance improvements.
Larger Executable Size: The entire runtime library is embedded into the executable, resulting in a larger file size.
Potential Conflicts with Third-Party Libraries: Using /MT in an application that interacts with statically-linked third-party libraries built with different runtime options can lead to conflicts due to multiple instances of the C runtime being linked.

Considerations When Choosing

Update Requirements: If your application requires frequent runtime updates or if you value the ability to patch security vulnerabilities promptly, /MD may be more suitable.
Executable Size: If executable size is a primary concern, /MD allows for a smaller footprint.
Third-Party Library Integration: If your application heavily relies on third-party binary-only libraries, /MD may encounter fewer conflicts than /MT.

Common Usage

In practice, the choice between /MD and /MT varies among developers. While /MT was prevalent in the past to ensure portability, /MD is increasingly preferred due to its advantages in terms of update capability and executable size. However, the specific considerations outlined above should guide the final decision.

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