How to Build a Radial Menu in CSS Without Images or Libraries?

How to Create a Radial Menu in CSS

Introduction

Radial menus, with their unique circular arrangement of options, offer an intuitive and visually appealing way to access commands or navigate through content. In this article, we'll delve into the techniques of creating a radial menu using CSS, without relying on images or third-party libraries.

HTML Structure

We'll start with a simple HTML structure consisting of an input checkbox (for toggling menu visibility), a label (for the central button), and an unordered list (for the radial menu items).

<input type='checkbox'>

CSS Implementation

Now, we'll style our radial menu using CSS. The following code demonstrates a revised version, addressing feedback and incorporating stylistic enhancements.

input {
    transform: translate(-100vw);
    visibility: hidden;
}

input:checked ~ ul {
    transform: scale(1); 
    opacity: .999;
    transition: .5s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275);
}

label, ul, li {
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    bottom: 50%;
}

label, a {
    color: #858596;
    font: 700 1em/ 2em sans-serif;
    text-align: center;
    text-shadow: 0 1px 1px #6c6f7e;
    cursor: pointer;
}

label {
    z-index: 2;
    margin: -1em;
    width: 2em;
    height: 2em;
    border-radius: 50%;
    box-shadow: 0 0 1px 1px white,  0 .125em .25em #876366,  0 .125em .5em #876366;
    background: #d3d3d3;
    background: -webkit-radial-gradient(#d4c7c5, #e5e1dd);
    background: radial-gradient(#d4c7c5, #e5e1dd);
}

ul {
    z-index: 1;
    margin: -10em 0;
    padding: 0;
    list-style: none;
    transform-origin: 50% -13em;
    transform: scale(0.001); 
    will-change: transform;
    opacity: .001;
    filter: drop-shadow(0 0.125em 0.25em #847c77);
    transition: 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.6, -0.28, 0.735, 0.045);
}
ul:before, ul:after {
    position: absolute;
    margin: -3em -0.25em;
    width: 0.5em;
    height: 3em;
    transform-origin: 50% 100%;
    background: #d3d3d3;
    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(#ddd, #c9c4bf);
    background: linear-gradient(#ddd, #c9c4bf);
    content: '';
}
ul:before {
    border-radius: 0.5em 0 0 0.5em;
    transform: rotate(-22.5deg) translate(-0.25em, -13em);
    box-shadow: inset 1px 0 1px #eee;
}
ul:after {
    border-radius: 0 0.5em 0.5em 0;
    transform: rotate(22.5deg) translate(0.25em, -13em);
    box-shadow: inset -1px 0 1px #eee;
}

li {
    overflow: hidden;
    width: 16em;
    height: 16em;
    transform-origin: 0 100%;
}
li:nth-child(1) {
    transform: rotate(-22.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
}
li:nth-child(2) {
    transform: rotate(-7.5deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
}
li:nth-child(2) a:after {
    position: absolute;
    top: 3em;
    left: 50%;
    margin: -0.375em;
    width: 0.75em;
    height: 0.75em;
    transform: rotate(45deg);
    box-shadow: inset -1px -1px 1px #eee;
    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(135deg, #bbb, #c9c4bf 50%);
    background: linear-gradient(-45deg, #bbb, #c9c4bf 50%);
    content: '';
}
li:nth-child(3) {
    transform: rotate(7.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
}
li a, li:before {
    margin: 0 -16em;
    width: 32em;
    height: 32em;
    border-radius: 50%;
}
li:before, li:after {
    position: absolute;
    border-radius: 50%;
    transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg);
    content: '';
}
li:before {
    box-shadow: inset 0 0 1px 1px #fff, inset 0 0 3em #ebe7e2, inset 0 0 1px 2.9375em #c9c4bf, inset 0 0 0 3em #dcdcdc;
}
li:after {
    top: 100%;
    left: 0;
    margin: -13em;
    width: 26em;
    height: 26em;
    border-radius: 50%;
}

a {
    display: block;
    transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg) rotate(7.5deg);
    line-height: 3em;
    text-align: center;
    text-decoration: none;
}

Explanation

• Checkbox: When checked, the checkbox toggles the visibility of the radial menu.
• Label: The label is positioned as the central button and contains the triggering star icon.
• Radial Menu Structure: The unordered list contains the menu items as list elements ('li') with their respective anchors ('a').
• Transformations: We use CSS transforms to create the radial layout by rotating and skewing elements.
• Shadows and Gradients: Shadows and radial gradients give the button and menu items a 3D effect.
• Pseudo Elements: Pseudo elements create the illusion of depth and rounded edges.

This improved demonstration showcases the full functionality of the radial menu, with rounded corners, shading effects, and optional tips for indicating the active item.

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