When to Choose Abstract Classes Over Interfaces: Beyond Template Method Pattern?

Interface vs. Abstract Class: Extending Beyond Template Method Pattern

When comparing abstract classes and interfaces in Java, the choice depends on specific design considerations. Apart from utilizing abstract classes in the Template Method design pattern, there are additional scenarios where they are preferred:

Overriding Behavior from Base Class: Abstract classes allow the definition of default implementations for methods, enabling subclasses to override only specific behaviors. This is valuable when a base functionality requires customization in subclasses, while maintaining a consistent overall approach.

Code Organization and Encapsulation: Abstract classes facilitate better code organization by grouping related functionality together. Subclasses can inherit this encapsulated behavior, ensuring adherence to design principles and reducing code duplication.

Extensibility and Future Modifications: Abstract classes provide the flexibility to add new methods in the future. These new methods will be inherited by all subclasses automatically, simplifying code maintenance and enabling easy adoption of new features.

Enhanced Control: In contrast to interfaces where all methods must be public, abstract classes permit defining protected or default visibility methods. This offers greater control over the accessibility and utilization of specific methods within subclasses.

Balancing Usage: It is possible to combine the advantages of both interfaces and abstract classes. Implementing an interface alongside inheriting from an abstract class provides the flexibility of defining method signatures while leveraging the default implementations from the abstract class. This hybrid approach offers versatility and code maintainability.

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