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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialCan You Find Vertical Lines of Three 'X's in an ASCII Image Using Regex?

Can You Find Vertical Lines of Three 'X's in an ASCII Image Using Regex?

Vertical Regex Matching in an ASCII Image

The Problem

In an ASCII image like:

....X.......
..X..X...X....
X.X...X..X.....
X....XXXXXX.....
X..XXX...........
.....X..........
..............X
..X...........X....
..X...........X....X...
....X.....

we'd like to find a simple vertical line formation of three Xs without using the best methods other than regex.

Question 1: Existence of Such Formation

To determine if such a formation exists in PCRE/PHP, Perl, .NET or similar regexes, we can use the following expression:

(?xm)                    # ignore comments and whitespace, ^ matches beginning of line
^                        # beginning of line
(?:
    .                    # any character except \n
    (?=                  # lookahead
        .*+\n            # go to next line
        ( ?+ . )       # add a character to the 1st capturing group
        .*+\n            # next line
        ( ?+ . )       # add a character to the 2nd capturing group
    )
)*?                      # repeat as few times as needed
X .*+\n                  # X on the first line and advance to next line
?+                     # if 1st capturing group is defined, use it, consuming exactly the same number of characters as on the first line
X .*+\n                  # X on the 2nd line and advance to next line
?+                     # if 2st capturing group is defined, use it, consuming exactly the same number of characters as on the first line
X                        # X on the 3rd line

Question 2: Counting Such Formations

Plain Matching
For direct matching and requiring the count as the number of matches, this question cannot be directly solved in PCRE or Perl due to limited lookbehind support.

Length/Indirect Solution
However, if the answer is accepted as the length of a match or substitution, then it can be answered with the following expression:

^
(?:
    (?:                   # match .+? characters
        .
        (?=               # counting the same number on the following two lines
            .*+\n
            ( ?+ . )
            .*+\n
            ( ?+ . )
        )
    )+?
    (?

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