Why Does Adding 'L' to an Integer Literal Change Multiplication Results?

Why Do Multiplication Operations Yield Different Results?

In the provided code, the difference in results arises due to the presence or absence of the letter "L" appended to the integer literal. To understand this discrepancy, it's important to delve into the data types involved:

The value assigned to oneYearWithL is a long, indicated by the "L" suffix. A long can represent a larger range of values compared to an integer. In this case, 365 is considered a long, and the result of multiplying it with the preceding integer values is also a long.

On the other hand, oneYearWithoutL is assigned an integer value. Multiplying integer values results in an integer. However, the value of this expression exceeds the maximum 32-bit integer limit (2^31 - 1). Therefore, during assignment, it is truncated to fit within the valid integer range, leading to an incorrect calculation.

To illustrate this further, consider the following output:

Output:

This shows that when the "L" is included, the result is within the long data type's range and hence accurate. But when the "L" is omitted, the result is truncated to an integer, resulting in an incorrect value.

To rectify this issue and obtain the correct result, the multiplication expression in oneYearWithoutL should either be explicitly cast to a long using (long) or the numeric literal should have the "L" suffix added, like oneYearWithoutL = 1000*60*60*24*365L.

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