How to Convert Between UTF-8 and ISO-8859-1 in PHP?

Converting UTF-8 Characters to ISO-88591 and Back in PHP

When dealing with scripts that use different encodings, combining their results can become an issue. While it's not feasible to change their encoding, it's possible to convert the output of one script into a compatible format for use by another.

Question: How can we convert a string from UTF-8 to ISO-88591 in PHP?

Answer:

PHP provides several options for encoding conversion, including:

• iconv(): Converts strings between encodings supported by the system.
• mb_convert_encoding(): Requires the mbstring extension and offers a more versatile interface for conversion.

Example:

<code class="php">$utf8 = 'ÄÖÜ'; // UTF-8 encoded string
$iso88591_1 = iconv('UTF-8', 'ISO-8859-1', $utf8); // Using iconv()
$iso88591_2 = mb_convert_encoding($utf8, 'ISO-8859-1', 'UTF-8'); // Using mb_convert_encoding()</code>

To convert from ISO-88591 to UTF-8:

<code class="php">$iso88591 = 'ÄÖÜ'; // ISO-8859-1 encoded string
$utf8_1 = iconv('ISO-8859-1', 'UTF-8', $iso88591); // Using iconv()
$utf8_2 = mb_convert_encoding($iso88591, 'UTF-8', 'ISO-8859-1'); // Using mb_convert_encoding()</code>

Note: utf8_encode and utf8_decode functions specifically work with UTF-8 encoding, not ISO-88591. They are designed to convert single-byte ISO-8859-1 characters to UTF-8 or vice versa.

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