Why Is My CSS calc() Function Not Working?

Troubleshooting the CSS calc() Function

The calc() function in CSS is a powerful tool for performing calculations on values. However, sometimes it can malfunction due to oversights or misunderstandings. One common issue is with improper spacing.

The Need for Spacing

Operators within calc() expressions must be separated by spaces. Neglecting this rule can lead to incorrect parsing, as demonstrated by the examples provided:

calc(100vw/4-(10-4))  // Incorrect (no space after '-')
calc(100vw/4-(10px-4))  // Incorrect (no space after 'px')
calc(100vw/4-(10px-4px)) // Incorrect (no space before and after '-', no space between 'px')

To resolve this, simply introduce spaces as follows:

calc(100vw/4 - (10 - 4))
calc(100vw/4 - (10px - 4)) // Optionally, space before 'px' for consistency

Nested Expressions

calc() functions can be nested within one another, acting like simple parentheses. However, it's important to follow the same spacing rules for nested expressions. For example:

calc(100vw/4 - calc(10px - 4px)) // Outer and inner expressions spaced correctly

Working with Variables

In SASS loops, variables may be replaced within calc() expressions. To ensure correct calculations, ensure that the variable is correctly enclosed within parentheses and that the operators have proper spacing. For instance, to manage the expression calc(100vw/x-(10px-x)) where x gets replaced in a SASS loop:

calc(100vw / ($x) - (10px - $x)) // Spaces around operators, parentheses around variable

By following these rules, you can effectively troubleshoot and manipulate the calc() function in your CSS code. Remember to add spaces between operators, nest expressions carefully, and utilize parentheses for variables within calc().

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