When to Use `std::lock_guard` vs. `std::scoped_lock` in C ?

std::lock_guard vs. std::scoped_lock in C

C 17 introduced a new lock class known as std::scoped_lock. While similar to the existing std::lock_guard, there are distinct differences in their functionality and usage.

When to Use std::lock_guard

• Locking a single mutex: std::lock_guard is ideal when locking exactly one mutex for the entire scope of the block. Its concise syntax ensures safer use in this scenario. For instance, the following code will result in a compile-time error if no mutex is provided:

<code class="cpp">{
   std::lock_guard lock; // protect this block
   ...
}</code>

When to Use std::scoped_lock

• Locking multiple mutexes: std::scoped_lock is advantageous when a single block requires locking multiple mutexes. Its variadic template parameter allows you to specify any number of mutexes to lock simultaneously.
• Locking a mutex without a specific scope: Unlike std::lock_guard, std::scoped_lock can be used without binding to a specific scope. This flexibility allows you to lock and unlock mutexes within a specific block of code without automatically releasing them at the end of the scope.

Conclusion

While both std::lock_guard and std::scoped_lock serve similar purposes, their unique features allow them to excel in different scenarios. std::lock_guard provides simplicity and safety for single-mutex locking, while std::scoped_lock offers versatility and flexibility for more complex locking requirements. Choosing the appropriate lock class for your specific needs will ensure efficient and reliable thread synchronization in your C applications.

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