Why Are My Column Annotations Ignored in Spring Boot JPA?

Column Name Annotation Overlooked in Spring Boot JPA: Understanding the Discrepancy

In Spring Boot applications with JPA, developers may encounter a curious issue where column annotations with custom names are ignored, causing SQL to generate column names following default conventions. This article delves into the reasons behind this oversight and provides a viable solution.

The standard naming strategy used by Hibernate in JPA is the DefaultNamingStrategy, which maps entity and column names to SQL using various conversion rules. However, this strategy may not explicitly consider column annotations, resulting in the default column name (in this case, "test_name") being generated instead of the annotated name ("TestName").

To address this discrepancy, it's necessary to configure Hibernate's naming strategy explicitly. By setting spring.jpa.hibernate.naming_strategy=org.hibernate.cfg.EJB3NamingStrategy in the application properties, Hibernate will switch to the EJB3NamingStrategy. This strategy preserves column annotation names, resolving the original issue.

However, this configuration may not be universally applicable. In certain scenarios, the underlying Hibernate dialect can also influence naming conventions. For instance, when connecting to Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Express, Hibernate uses the SQLServerDialect by default. This dialect may not fully support the desired naming strategy, even when explicitly configured.

To overcome this limitation, Hibernate 5 offers additional configuration options:

• spring.jpa.hibernate.naming.implicit-strategy: Determines the strategy for generating implicit column names (e.g., foreign key columns).
• spring.jpa.hibernate.naming.physical-strategy: Controls the strategy for generating physical column and table names based on entity and property names.

By setting both these properties to org.hibernate.boot.model.naming.ImplicitNamingStrategyLegacyJpaImpl and org.hibernate.boot.model.naming.PhysicalNamingStrategyStandardImpl respectively, you can effectively override the default naming behavior and ensure that the annotated column name is honored.

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