Why Does My Node.js Application Throw \"Error: connect ECONNREFUSED\" When Connecting to MySQL?

Node.js MySQL: Resolving "Error: connect ECONNREFUSED" Exception

In the process of deploying a Node.js application to a remote server, users may encounter the error "Error: connect ECONNREFUSED". This error suggests that the MySQL client is unable to establish a connection to the server.

Problem Description

An attempt to connect to a MySQL database from a Node.js server resulted in the error message:

Error: connect ECONNREFUSED
    [...stack trace...]

The database connection settings were correctly configured with the server's information, but the error persisted.

Solution

After investigating various potential causes, it was discovered that the issue stemmed from using 'localhost' as the host address in the MySQL connection string. Changing the host address to '127.0.0.1' resolved the error.

host: 'localhost' -> host: '127.0.0.1'

Explanation

Within the context of a server, 'localhost' typically refers to the loopback interface, which is used for local communication. However, on a remote server, the use of 'localhost' may result in connectivity issues.

Specifying '127.0.0.1' explicitly directs the MySQL client to connect to the server itself, ensuring a proper connection attempt, resolving the "ECONNREFUSED" error.

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