Why Does Laravel Show \"Connection Refused\" Error After Deployment?

Troubleshooting Laravel's "Connection Refused" Error

When deploying Laravel projects to VPS platforms like Digital Ocean, it's common to encounter the infamous "SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002] Connection refused" error. This issue occurs when the application cannot establish a connection to the database.

Cause of the Error

This particular error often stems from an incorrect database configuration in the .env file. The DB_HOST parameter, which designates the hostname or IP address of the database, may be incorrectly set to "127.0.0.1". This address typically refers to the local machine and is not applicable when deploying to a remote server.

Solving the Issue

To resolve the error, navigate to your .env file and adjust the DB_HOST parameter. Replace "127.0.0.1" with "localhost". This modification instructs Laravel to connect to the database hosted on the same server as the application.

Updated .env Configuration

APP_ENV=local
APP_KEY=my app key
APP_DEBUG=true
APP_LOG_LEVEL=debug
APP_URL=http://localhost

DB_CONNECTION=mysql
DB_HOST=localhost  # Updated to 'localhost'
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=form
DB_USERNAME=root
DB_PASSWORD=my pass

Re-attempting Database Migration

After making the necessary changes, rerun the php artisan migrate command to initiate the database migration process. You should no longer encounter the "Connection refused" error, and the migrations will proceed successfully.

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