How to Generate Random Numbers in Python That Sum to a Specific Value?

Generating Random Numbers Summing to a Designated Value

In Python, there exists a straightforward solution to create n pseudo-random numbers that, when summed, attain a predefined target value, while ensuring that all possible combinations are equally likely to occur.

The method involves using the random.sample function to select an ordered set of n-1 unique numbers between 1 and the target sum. The chosen numbers serve as dividers, effectively partitioning the target into n positive integers.

Consider the example of generating 4 random numbers summing to 40. The generated dividers might be [4, 11, 24] (chosen from random.sample(range(1, 40), 3)). The corresponding numbers, which sum to 40, are computed as [4, 7, 13, 6].

To ensure均匀分布, where each possible combination has an equal probability, it is crucial to select the dividers in ascending order. Further, this approach effortlessly adapts to different target values, making it versatile for various scenarios.

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