Implementing Token-Based Authentication in Spring Boot Using Spring Security, JWT, and JDBC Template

Github Link for the Code Reference

Introduction

In modern web applications, secure user authentication is crucial. Traditionally, session-based authentication has been widely used, but as applications become more distributed and scalable, token-based authentication offers several advantages.

Token-based authentication allows applications to be stateless, meaning that the server doesn’t need to store any session data, making it well-suited for scalable, RESTful APIs.

This tutorial will guide you through implementing JWT (JSON Web Token) authentication in a Spring Boot application using Spring Security with JDBC Template.

JWT(JSON Web Token) is a compact, URL-safe way of representing claims transferred between two parties. It's commonly used for stateless authentication where each request is authenticated using a signed token.

Why JWT and Token-Based Authentication?

Stateless Authentication
JWT tokens are self-contained, carrying the user’s authentication information directly within the token payload, which reduces server memory usage and increases scalability.

Cross-Platform Support
Tokens are easy to use in mobile and web applications since they can be stored securely in the client (e.g., in local storage or cookies).

Security
Each token is digitally signed, ensuring its integrity and allowing the server to verify it without querying a database on every request.

What You Will Learn

In this tutorial, you will learn how to:

1. Set up a Spring Boot application with Spring Security.
2. Implement JWT token-based authentication using the JDBC Template to manage users and store refresh tokens securely.
3. Set up endpoints for login, access token generation, and refresh token handling.

By the end of this tutorial, you’ll have a secure, stateless authentication system that leverages Spring Boot and JWT to provide seamless and scalable access control for your applications.

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API Flow:

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Technology requirements:

• Java 17 / 11 / 8
• Spring Boot 3 / 2 (with Spring Security, Spring Web)
• jjwt-api 0.11.5
• PostgreSQL/MySQL
• Maven

1. Set Up Your Spring Boot Project

Use Spring web tool or your development tool (STS, Intellij or any IDE) to create a Spring Boot project.

open pom.xml and add dependencies for Spring Security, JWT, and JDBC Template:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
    <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
    <version>0.9.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
    <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
</dependency>

2. Configure Database, App properties

Under src/main/resources folder, open application.properties and add below configurations. I will be using postgres database for this tutorial.

spring.application.name= authmanager

server.port= 1001
servlet.context-path= /authmanager

database.username= postgres 
database.password= admin@123
database.driverClassName= org.postgresql.Driver
database.jdbcUrl= jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/postgres
database.maxActive= 5
database.minIdle= 5
database.poolName= Authmanager Postgres Datasource

app.jwtSecret= ###############ib-Spring###############
app.jwtExpirationMs= 3600000
app.jwtRefreshExpirationMs= 86400000

3. Set Up Database Tables

Define a simple table structure for user information, roles, user-role mapping and refresh tokens:

CREATE SCHEMA IB;
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

create sequence users_uniqueid_seq START 1;

create table ib.users(
        uniqueid bigint not null default nextval('users_uniqueid_seq') PRIMARY KEY,
        email varchar(75),
        password varchar(200),
        username varchar(20)
);

insert into ib.users(email,password,username) values ('admin@ib.com','a$VcdzH8Q.o4KEo6df.XesdOmXdXQwT5ugNQvu1Pl0390rmfOeA1bhS','admin');

#(password = 12345678)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

create sequence roles_id_seq START 1;

create table ib.roles(
        id int not null default nextval('roles_id_seq') PRIMARY KEY,
        name varchar(20)
);

INSERT INTO ib.roles(name) VALUES('ROLE_USER');
INSERT INTO ib.roles(name) VALUES('ROLE_MODERATOR');
INSERT INTO ib.roles(name) VALUES('ROLE_ADMIN');

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

create table ib.user_roles(
        user_uniqueid bigint not null,
        role_id int not null,
        primary key(user_uniqueid,role_id)
);
insert into ib.user_roles (user_uniqueid,role_id) values (1,3);
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

create sequence refresh_tokens_id_seq START 1;

create table ib.refresh_tokens(
        id bigint not null default nextval('refresh_tokens_id_seq') PRIMARY KEY,
        uniqueid bigint,
        token varchar(500) not null,
        expiryDate TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE not null
);

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. Create the models

Let’s define the following models.
In models package, create below 4 files:

model/ERole.java

package com.security.authmanager.model;

public enum ERole {
    ROLE_USER,
    ROLE_MODERATOR,
    ROLE_ADMIN
}

model/Role.java

package com.security.authmanager.model;

public class Role {
    private Integer id;
    private ERole name;

    public Role() {
    }

    public Role(ERole name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    //generate getters and setters
}

model/User.java

package com.security.authmanager.model;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

public class User {
    private Long id;
    private String username;
    private String email;
    private String password;

    private Set<Role> roles = new HashSet<>();

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String username, String email, String password) {
        this.username = username;
        this.email = email;
        this.password = password;
    }

    //generate getters and setters
}

model/RefreshToken.java

package com.security.authmanager.model;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

public class User {
    private Long id;
    private String username;
    private String email;
    private String password;

    private Set<Role> roles = new HashSet<>();

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String username, String email, String password) {
        this.username = username;
        this.email = email;
        this.password = password;
    }

    //generate getters and setters
}

5. Implement CustomUserDetailsRepository class

The CustomUserDetailsRepository class is a Spring @Repository that handles custom database operations related to User and Role entities. It uses JdbcTemplate to execute SQL queries for tasks like fetching users, checking if a user exists by username or email, creating new users, and fetching roles.

package com.security.authmanager.repository;

import com.security.authmanager.common.QueryConstants;
import com.security.authmanager.model.ERole;
import com.security.authmanager.model.Role;
import com.security.authmanager.model.User;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Set;

@Repository
public class CustomUserDetailsRepository {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomUserDetailsRepository.class);
    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    public User fetchUserByUserName(String userName){
        try{
            return jdbcTemplate.query((conn) ->{
                final PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(QueryConstants.FETCH_USER);
                ps.setString(1, userName.toUpperCase());
                return ps;
            },rs->{
                User user = null;
                Set<Role> roles = new HashSet<>();
                while (rs.next()) {
                    if (user == null) {
                        user = new User();
                        user.setEmail(rs.getString("email"));
                        user.setId(rs.getLong("uniqueid"));
                        user.setPassword(rs.getString("password"));
                        user.setUsername(rs.getString("username"));
                    }
                    Role role = new Role();
                    role.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
                    role.setName(ERole.valueOf(rs.getString("name")));
                    roles.add(role);
                }
                if (user != null) {
                    user.setRoles(roles);
                }
                return user;
            });
        }catch(Exception e){
            logger.error("Exception in fetchUserByUserName()",e);
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    public boolean existsByUsername(String userName) {
        try{
              return jdbcTemplate.query((conn) -> {
                 final PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(QueryConstants.CHECK_USER_BY_USERNAME);
                 ps.setString(1, userName.toUpperCase());
                 return ps;
             }, (rs,rownum) -> rs.getInt("count")).get(0)>0;
        }catch(Exception e){
            logger.error("Exception in existsByUsername()",e);
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    public boolean existsByEmail(String email) {
        try{
            return jdbcTemplate.query((conn) -> {
                final PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(QueryConstants.CHECK_USER_BY_EMAIL);
                ps.setString(1, email.toUpperCase());
                return ps;
            }, (rs,rownum) -> rs.getInt("count")).get(0)>0;
        }catch(Exception e){
            logger.error("Exception in existsByEmail()",e);
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    public Role findRoleByName(ERole eRole) {
        try{
            return jdbcTemplate.query((conn) -> {
                final PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(QueryConstants.FETCH_ROLE_BY_NAME);
                ps.setString(1, String.valueOf(eRole));
                return ps;
            }, rs -> {
                Role role=null;
                while(rs.next()){
                    role = new Role();
                    role.setName(ERole.valueOf(rs.getString("name")));
                    role.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
                }
                return role;
            });
        }catch(Exception e){
            logger.error("Exception in findRoleByName()",e);
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    public void createUser(User user) {
        try(Connection conn = Objects.requireNonNull(jdbcTemplate.getDataSource()).getConnection()){
            try (PreparedStatement userStatement = conn.prepareStatement(QueryConstants.INSERT_TO_USERS,Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS)) {
                userStatement.setString(1, user.getEmail().toUpperCase());
                userStatement.setString(2, user.getPassword());
                userStatement.setString(3, user.getUsername().toUpperCase());
                userStatement.executeUpdate();
                // Retrieve generated userId
                try (ResultSet generatedKeys = userStatement.getGeneratedKeys()) {
                    if (generatedKeys.next()) {
                        Long userId = generatedKeys.getLong(1); // Assuming userId is of type VARCHAR
                        logger.info("gen userid {}",userId.toString());
                        user.setId(userId);
                    }
                }
            }
            if (user.getRoles() != null && !user.getRoles().isEmpty()) {
                try (PreparedStatement userRoleStatement = conn.prepareStatement(QueryConstants.INSERT_TO_USER_ROLES)) {
                    for (Role role : user.getRoles()) {
                        userRoleStatement.setLong(1, user.getId());
                        userRoleStatement.setLong(2, role.getId());
                        userRoleStatement.executeUpdate();
                    }
                }
            }
        }catch(Exception e){
            logger.error("Exception in existsByEmail()",e);
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
}

This repository performs custom SQL-based CRUD operations for managing User and Role data in the database.

Key Functions:

• Fetch users by username and retrieve associated roles.
• Check if a user exists by username or email.
• Insert new users and their roles into the database.
• Retrieve role details based on role names.

6. Implement RefreshTokenRepository class

The RefreshTokenRepository class is a Spring @Repository that handles database operations related to the RefreshToken entity. It uses Spring's JdbcTemplate for interacting with the database through raw SQL queries, encapsulating the logic for saving, deleting, and retrieving refresh tokens.

package com.security.authmanager.repository;

import com.security.authmanager.common.QueryConstants;
import com.security.authmanager.model.ERole;
import com.security.authmanager.model.RefreshToken;
import com.security.authmanager.model.Role;
import com.security.authmanager.model.User;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.util.Optional;

@Repository
public class RefreshTokenRepository {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RefreshTokenRepository.class);
    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    public void deleteRefreshToken(RefreshToken refreshToken) {
        try{
            jdbcTemplate.update(QueryConstants.DELETE_REFRESH_TOKEN,(final PreparedStatement ps) ->{
                ps.setString(1,refreshToken.getToken());
            });
        }catch (Exception e){
            logger.error("Exception in deleteRefreshToken()",e);
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    public int deleteRefreshTokenByUser(User user) {
        return 0;
    }

    public RefreshToken saveRefreshToken(RefreshToken refreshToken) {
        try{
            jdbcTemplate.update(QueryConstants.SAVE_REFRESH_TOKEN,(final PreparedStatement ps) ->{
                ps.setLong(1,refreshToken.getUser().getId());
                ps.setString(2,refreshToken.getToken());
                ps.setTimestamp(3, Timestamp.from(refreshToken.getExpiryDate()));
            });
        }catch (Exception e){
            logger.error("Exception in saveRefreshToken()",e);
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        return refreshToken;
    }

    public Optional<RefreshToken> findByToken(String token) {
        RefreshToken refreshToken = new RefreshToken();
        try{
            return Optional.ofNullable(jdbcTemplate.query((conn) -> {
                final PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(QueryConstants.FIND_BY_TOKEN);
                ps.setString(1, token);
                return ps;
            }, rs -> {
                User user = new User();
                while (rs.next()) {
                    refreshToken.setId(rs.getLong("id"));
                    refreshToken.setToken(rs.getString("token"));
                    refreshToken.setExpiryDate(rs.getTimestamp("expiryDate").toInstant());
                    user.setId(rs.getLong("uniqueid"));
                    user.setEmail(rs.getString("email"));
                    user.setUsername(rs.getString("username"));
                    refreshToken.setUser(user);
                }
                return refreshToken;
            }));
        }catch(Exception e){
            logger.error("Exception in findByToken()",e);
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
}

This repository interacts directly with the database for CRUD operations on RefreshToken entities.

Key Functions:

• Save refresh tokens.
• Retrieve refresh tokens by token value.
• Delete refresh tokens either by token or user.

7. Configure Spring Security

• WebSecurityConfig configures Spring Security to use JWT-based token authentication.

• It defines beans for various components needed for authentication like AuthTokenFilter (for handling JWT tokens), DaoAuthenticationProvider (for retrieving user details and validating passwords), and BCryptPasswordEncoder (for hashing and comparing passwords).

The SecurityFilterChain configures how incoming HTTP requests are secured:
- Permits access to certain public routes (/auth/**, /test/**).
- Protects all other routes, requiring authentication.
- Disables session management (making the system stateless).
- Configures a filter to intercept and process JWT tokens for
user authentication.

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
    <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
    <version>0.9.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
    <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
</dependency>

8. Implement UserDetailsImpl

This class is primarily used in Spring Security to represent the currently authenticated user.

When a user tries to log in:

1. Spring Security calls UserDetailsService.loadUserByUsername() to load the user from the database.
2. It creates an instance of UserDetailsImpl with the user's details (including their roles).
3. This UserDetailsImpl object is then used by Spring Security to authenticate the user and to check their permissions throughout the session.

UserDetailsImpl is a bridge between your User entity and Spring Security's internal mechanisms for authentication and authorization.

spring.application.name= authmanager

server.port= 1001
servlet.context-path= /authmanager

database.username= postgres 
database.password= admin@123
database.driverClassName= org.postgresql.Driver
database.jdbcUrl= jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/postgres
database.maxActive= 5
database.minIdle= 5
database.poolName= Authmanager Postgres Datasource

app.jwtSecret= ###############ib-Spring###############
app.jwtExpirationMs= 3600000
app.jwtRefreshExpirationMs= 86400000

Below are the queries : (QueryConstants.java)

CREATE SCHEMA IB;
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

create sequence users_uniqueid_seq START 1;

create table ib.users(
        uniqueid bigint not null default nextval('users_uniqueid_seq') PRIMARY KEY,
        email varchar(75),
        password varchar(200),
        username varchar(20)
);

insert into ib.users(email,password,username) values ('admin@ib.com','a$VcdzH8Q.o4KEo6df.XesdOmXdXQwT5ugNQvu1Pl0390rmfOeA1bhS','admin');

#(password = 12345678)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

create sequence roles_id_seq START 1;

create table ib.roles(
        id int not null default nextval('roles_id_seq') PRIMARY KEY,
        name varchar(20)
);

INSERT INTO ib.roles(name) VALUES('ROLE_USER');
INSERT INTO ib.roles(name) VALUES('ROLE_MODERATOR');
INSERT INTO ib.roles(name) VALUES('ROLE_ADMIN');

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

create table ib.user_roles(
        user_uniqueid bigint not null,
        role_id int not null,
        primary key(user_uniqueid,role_id)
);
insert into ib.user_roles (user_uniqueid,role_id) values (1,3);
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

create sequence refresh_tokens_id_seq START 1;

create table ib.refresh_tokens(
        id bigint not null default nextval('refresh_tokens_id_seq') PRIMARY KEY,
        uniqueid bigint,
        token varchar(500) not null,
        expiryDate TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE not null
);

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

9. Implement UserDetailsServiceImpl

The UserDetailsServiceImpl class acts as a bridge between your application's database and Spring Security’s authentication process. It fetches user details from the database using CustomUserDetailsRepository, converts the User object into UserDetailsImpl (a Spring Security-friendly format), and handles cases where a user is not found by throwing an exception. This service allows Spring Security to authenticate users and manage authorization based on the user's roles and permissions.

package com.security.authmanager.model;

public enum ERole {
    ROLE_USER,
    ROLE_MODERATOR,
    ROLE_ADMIN
}

10. Filter the Request

The AuthTokenFilter class extends Spring's OncePerRequestFilter, making it a filter that processes every HTTP request once in a request chain. Its primary role is to extract and validate a JWT (JSON Web Token) from the request and set the user’s authentication in Spring Security's SecurityContext if the token is valid.

package com.security.authmanager.model;

public class Role {
    private Integer id;
    private ERole name;

    public Role() {
    }

    public Role(ERole name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    //generate getters and setters
}

Each time a request is made:

• The filter checks if the request contains a valid JWT.
• If valid, it authenticates the user by setting the UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken in the SecurityContext.
• If the JWT is invalid or missing, no authentication is set, and the request proceeds as an unauthenticated request.

This filter ensures that all requests carrying valid JWT tokens are authenticated automatically, without the need for the user to provide credentials (like username/password) in subsequent requests after logging in.

11. Implement RefreshTokenService

The RefreshTokenService class provides services related to managing refresh tokens in a token-based authentication system. Refresh tokens are used to obtain new JWT tokens after the initial JWT has expired without requiring the user to re-authenticate.

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
    <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
    <version>0.9.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
    <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
</dependency>

RefreshTokenService handles the creation, validation, and deletion of refresh tokens. It uses repositories for saving and fetching tokens and users from the database.

This service is an essential part of an authentication system where refresh tokens are used to keep users logged in without requiring them to provide credentials again after the JWT expires.

12. Implement JWT Utility

The JwtUtils class is a utility class that handles the creation, parsing, and validation of JWT (JSON Web Token) for authentication purposes in a Spring Boot application. It uses the jjwt library to work with JWTs.

spring.application.name= authmanager

server.port= 1001
servlet.context-path= /authmanager

database.username= postgres 
database.password= admin@123
database.driverClassName= org.postgresql.Driver
database.jdbcUrl= jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/postgres
database.maxActive= 5
database.minIdle= 5
database.poolName= Authmanager Postgres Datasource

app.jwtSecret= ###############ib-Spring###############
app.jwtExpirationMs= 3600000
app.jwtRefreshExpirationMs= 86400000

The JwtUtils class is responsible for generating, parsing, and validating JWT tokens. It securely signs tokens using a secret key (HMAC-SHA256) and ensures that the tokens can only be read or verified by parties that possess the correct secret key.

The class also extracts the username from the token and checks if the token is valid before granting access to the user. This utility is essential for maintaining secure, token-based authentication in your application.

13. Handle Authentication Exception

The AuthEntryPointJwt class implements Spring Security's AuthenticationEntryPoint interface. It handles what happens when an unauthorized request is made, typically when a user tries to access a protected resource without valid authentication (e.g., no JWT or an invalid JWT).

CREATE SCHEMA IB;
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

create sequence users_uniqueid_seq START 1;

create table ib.users(
        uniqueid bigint not null default nextval('users_uniqueid_seq') PRIMARY KEY,
        email varchar(75),
        password varchar(200),
        username varchar(20)
);

insert into ib.users(email,password,username) values ('admin@ib.com','a$VcdzH8Q.o4KEo6df.XesdOmXdXQwT5ugNQvu1Pl0390rmfOeA1bhS','admin');

#(password = 12345678)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

create sequence roles_id_seq START 1;

create table ib.roles(
        id int not null default nextval('roles_id_seq') PRIMARY KEY,
        name varchar(20)
);

INSERT INTO ib.roles(name) VALUES('ROLE_USER');
INSERT INTO ib.roles(name) VALUES('ROLE_MODERATOR');
INSERT INTO ib.roles(name) VALUES('ROLE_ADMIN');

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

create table ib.user_roles(
        user_uniqueid bigint not null,
        role_id int not null,
        primary key(user_uniqueid,role_id)
);
insert into ib.user_roles (user_uniqueid,role_id) values (1,3);
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

create sequence refresh_tokens_id_seq START 1;

create table ib.refresh_tokens(
        id bigint not null default nextval('refresh_tokens_id_seq') PRIMARY KEY,
        uniqueid bigint,
        token varchar(500) not null,
        expiryDate TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE not null
);

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

The AuthEntryPointJwt class is a custom entry point that intercepts unauthorized access attempts and returns a structured JSON response with a 401 error code, an error message, and details about the request.
It logs the error and provides a clear, user-friendly response to clients when authentication fails.

14. Create payload class for Controller

Below are the payloads for our RestAPIs:

1. Requests:

- LoginRequest.java :

package com.security.authmanager.model;

public enum ERole {
    ROLE_USER,
    ROLE_MODERATOR,
    ROLE_ADMIN
}

- SignupRequest.java :

package com.security.authmanager.model;

public class Role {
    private Integer id;
    private ERole name;

    public Role() {
    }

    public Role(ERole name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    //generate getters and setters
}

- TokenRefreshRequest.java :

package com.security.authmanager.model;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

public class User {
    private Long id;
    private String username;
    private String email;
    private String password;

    private Set<Role> roles = new HashSet<>();

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String username, String email, String password) {
        this.username = username;
        this.email = email;
        this.password = password;
    }

    //generate getters and setters
}

2. Responses:

- JwtResponse.java

package com.security.authmanager.model;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

public class User {
    private Long id;
    private String username;
    private String email;
    private String password;

    private Set<Role> roles = new HashSet<>();

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String username, String email, String password) {
        this.username = username;
        this.email = email;
        this.password = password;
    }

    //generate getters and setters
}

- MessageResponse.java

package com.security.authmanager.repository;

import com.security.authmanager.common.QueryConstants;
import com.security.authmanager.model.ERole;
import com.security.authmanager.model.Role;
import com.security.authmanager.model.User;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Set;

@Repository
public class CustomUserDetailsRepository {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomUserDetailsRepository.class);
    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    public User fetchUserByUserName(String userName){
        try{
            return jdbcTemplate.query((conn) ->{
                final PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(QueryConstants.FETCH_USER);
                ps.setString(1, userName.toUpperCase());
                return ps;
            },rs->{
                User user = null;
                Set<Role> roles = new HashSet<>();
                while (rs.next()) {
                    if (user == null) {
                        user = new User();
                        user.setEmail(rs.getString("email"));
                        user.setId(rs.getLong("uniqueid"));
                        user.setPassword(rs.getString("password"));
                        user.setUsername(rs.getString("username"));
                    }
                    Role role = new Role();
                    role.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
                    role.setName(ERole.valueOf(rs.getString("name")));
                    roles.add(role);
                }
                if (user != null) {
                    user.setRoles(roles);
                }
                return user;
            });
        }catch(Exception e){
            logger.error("Exception in fetchUserByUserName()",e);
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    public boolean existsByUsername(String userName) {
        try{
              return jdbcTemplate.query((conn) -> {
                 final PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(QueryConstants.CHECK_USER_BY_USERNAME);
                 ps.setString(1, userName.toUpperCase());
                 return ps;
             }, (rs,rownum) -> rs.getInt("count")).get(0)>0;
        }catch(Exception e){
            logger.error("Exception in existsByUsername()",e);
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    public boolean existsByEmail(String email) {
        try{
            return jdbcTemplate.query((conn) -> {
                final PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(QueryConstants.CHECK_USER_BY_EMAIL);
                ps.setString(1, email.toUpperCase());
                return ps;
            }, (rs,rownum) -> rs.getInt("count")).get(0)>0;
        }catch(Exception e){
            logger.error("Exception in existsByEmail()",e);
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    public Role findRoleByName(ERole eRole) {
        try{
            return jdbcTemplate.query((conn) -> {
                final PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(QueryConstants.FETCH_ROLE_BY_NAME);
                ps.setString(1, String.valueOf(eRole));
                return ps;
            }, rs -> {
                Role role=null;
                while(rs.next()){
                    role = new Role();
                    role.setName(ERole.valueOf(rs.getString("name")));
                    role.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
                }
                return role;
            });
        }catch(Exception e){
            logger.error("Exception in findRoleByName()",e);
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    public void createUser(User user) {
        try(Connection conn = Objects.requireNonNull(jdbcTemplate.getDataSource()).getConnection()){
            try (PreparedStatement userStatement = conn.prepareStatement(QueryConstants.INSERT_TO_USERS,Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS)) {
                userStatement.setString(1, user.getEmail().toUpperCase());
                userStatement.setString(2, user.getPassword());
                userStatement.setString(3, user.getUsername().toUpperCase());
                userStatement.executeUpdate();
                // Retrieve generated userId
                try (ResultSet generatedKeys = userStatement.getGeneratedKeys()) {
                    if (generatedKeys.next()) {
                        Long userId = generatedKeys.getLong(1); // Assuming userId is of type VARCHAR
                        logger.info("gen userid {}",userId.toString());
                        user.setId(userId);
                    }
                }
            }
            if (user.getRoles() != null && !user.getRoles().isEmpty()) {
                try (PreparedStatement userRoleStatement = conn.prepareStatement(QueryConstants.INSERT_TO_USER_ROLES)) {
                    for (Role role : user.getRoles()) {
                        userRoleStatement.setLong(1, user.getId());
                        userRoleStatement.setLong(2, role.getId());
                        userRoleStatement.executeUpdate();
                    }
                }
            }
        }catch(Exception e){
            logger.error("Exception in existsByEmail()",e);
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
}

- TokenRefreshResponse.java

package com.security.authmanager.repository;

import com.security.authmanager.common.QueryConstants;
import com.security.authmanager.model.ERole;
import com.security.authmanager.model.RefreshToken;
import com.security.authmanager.model.Role;
import com.security.authmanager.model.User;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.util.Optional;

@Repository
public class RefreshTokenRepository {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RefreshTokenRepository.class);
    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    public void deleteRefreshToken(RefreshToken refreshToken) {
        try{
            jdbcTemplate.update(QueryConstants.DELETE_REFRESH_TOKEN,(final PreparedStatement ps) ->{
                ps.setString(1,refreshToken.getToken());
            });
        }catch (Exception e){
            logger.error("Exception in deleteRefreshToken()",e);
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    public int deleteRefreshTokenByUser(User user) {
        return 0;
    }

    public RefreshToken saveRefreshToken(RefreshToken refreshToken) {
        try{
            jdbcTemplate.update(QueryConstants.SAVE_REFRESH_TOKEN,(final PreparedStatement ps) ->{
                ps.setLong(1,refreshToken.getUser().getId());
                ps.setString(2,refreshToken.getToken());
                ps.setTimestamp(3, Timestamp.from(refreshToken.getExpiryDate()));
            });
        }catch (Exception e){
            logger.error("Exception in saveRefreshToken()",e);
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        return refreshToken;
    }

    public Optional<RefreshToken> findByToken(String token) {
        RefreshToken refreshToken = new RefreshToken();
        try{
            return Optional.ofNullable(jdbcTemplate.query((conn) -> {
                final PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(QueryConstants.FIND_BY_TOKEN);
                ps.setString(1, token);
                return ps;
            }, rs -> {
                User user = new User();
                while (rs.next()) {
                    refreshToken.setId(rs.getLong("id"));
                    refreshToken.setToken(rs.getString("token"));
                    refreshToken.setExpiryDate(rs.getTimestamp("expiryDate").toInstant());
                    user.setId(rs.getLong("uniqueid"));
                    user.setEmail(rs.getString("email"));
                    user.setUsername(rs.getString("username"));
                    refreshToken.setUser(user);
                }
                return refreshToken;
            }));
        }catch(Exception e){
            logger.error("Exception in findByToken()",e);
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
}

15. Create Rest APIs Controller classes

- AuthController.java

The AuthController class is a Spring @RestController responsible for handling authentication-related endpoints in the application. It provides endpoints for user login, registration, and token refresh operations.

Key Functions:

• User login with JWT and refresh token generation.
• Token refresh using valid refresh tokens.
• User registration with validation and role assignment.

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
    <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
    <version>0.9.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
    <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
</dependency>

- TestController.java

The TestController class is a Spring @RestController that provides several endpoints for testing access control based on user roles. It demonstrates how to use Spring Security's role-based authorization to restrict access to certain parts of the application.

Key Functions:

• Public access endpoint that anyone can access.
• Role-specific endpoints that restrict access based on user roles (USER, MODERATOR, ADMIN).

spring.application.name= authmanager

server.port= 1001
servlet.context-path= /authmanager

database.username= postgres 
database.password= admin@123
database.driverClassName= org.postgresql.Driver
database.jdbcUrl= jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/postgres
database.maxActive= 5
database.minIdle= 5
database.poolName= Authmanager Postgres Datasource

app.jwtSecret= ###############ib-Spring###############
app.jwtExpirationMs= 3600000
app.jwtRefreshExpirationMs= 86400000

16. Test APIs

1. Register as mod and user. (Signin)

2. Login to get access token.

3. Get Refresh Token API.

4. Testing the user access by passing the access token.

5. Testing the mod access by passing the access token.

6. Testing the admin access by passing the same access token.

Unauthorized since this user don't have admin access (user has only mod and user roles)

Happy learning! See you again.?

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