How to Create Flexible FastAPI Endpoints: Handling Both Form and JSON Data?

How to create a FastAPI endpoint that can accept either Form or JSON body?

Option 1: Using a Dependency Function

This method involves creating a dependency function that checks the Content-Type request header and parses the body accordingly using Starlette's methods. However, it's important to consider that request headers can be modified and may not always accurately reflect the data type. Additionally, it's recommended to implement type-checking and validation to ensure the expected data structure is received.

Option 2: Defining Optional Parameters

Another approach is to define optional parameters for File/Form-data and check if they have values passed during the request. If all optional parameters are None, it's likely a JSON request. This option allows for a clearer endpoint definition, but it's important to validate that the JSON request is indeed valid.

Option 3: Middleware and Separate Endpoints

Using middleware, you can check the incoming request's destination and redirect it to specific endpoints based on the Content-Type. This approach ensures a clean endpoint definition and allows for targeted error handling and data parsing.

Option 4: Sending Mixed JSON and Form Data (External)

An alternative solution, which involves sending both JSON body and files or form-data together, is discussed in another Stack Overflow answer linked in the provided text. This approach involves parsing the data in a more custom manner and using Pydantic's model validation for JSON data passed through a Form parameter.

Testing with Python Requests

For testing, you can use the provided Python requests code to send data in different formats to the endpoint. This allows you to verify the endpoint's behavior and data handling capabilities.

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