How to Interface with Linux Shared Libraries in Go?

Interfacing with Linux Shared Libraries in Go

To access functions within a shared object (.so) file using Go, we can leverage the following techniques:

Cgo for Statically Linked Libraries

If the shared library is known at compile time, cgo can be employed. By specifying appropriate linker flags and commenting out certain lines, you can directly call functions from the shared library. For instance, to invoke bar() from libfoo.so:

<code class="go">package example

// #cgo LDFLAGS: -lfoo
//
// #include <foo.h>
import "C"

func main() {
    C.bar()
}</code>

Dynamic Shared Library Loading with Cgo

Alternatively, cgo can be used to dynamically load shared objects at runtime. This involves using C wrapper functions to implement logic for opening the library (dlopen()), retrieving function addresses (dlsym()), and closing the library (dlclose()).

Custom C Wrapper

As an alternative to cgo, you can create a custom C wrapper that provides a Go-compatible interface to the shared library functions. By building your own C library that exports functions via Go's CGO API, you gain more control over the interaction with the shared library.

Python ctypes Equivalent

To replicate the functionality of Python's ctypes package, consider using the mach-go library, which offers a ctypes-like interface for accessing C libraries from Go. This library provides a straightforward way to load and use shared objects, with support for various platforms including Linux.

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