What is the Time Complexity of ES6 Collection Operations?

ES6 Collections Computational/Time Complexity

ES6 introduced several new collection types (Set, Map, WeakSet, WeakMap), and the question arises regarding their time complexity. Specifically, whether they were mandated to use linear time (O(n)) algorithms.

The ECMAScript 2015 Language Specification does not explicitly mandate O(n) complexity for these operations. It states that "Set objects must be implemented using mechanisms that, on average, provide access times that are sublinear on the number of elements in the collection."

This allows for the use of more efficient algorithms, such as hash tables, which provide constant-time access (O(1)) on average. While not explicitly required by the specification, it is highly likely that implementations such as V8 and JavaScriptCore utilize such efficient algorithms.

This explanation aligns with the expectation of most developers who assume that performant algorithms would be employed in these implementations, ensuring O(1) complexity for operations like Set.prototype.has, add, and delete.

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