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After building the Password Generator, I got some amazing reviews, and two stood out for me: Guillaume Ste-Marie advocated using seed to increase the randomness, and Christian Ledermann also advocated that secrets should replace random as random is not really random.
The secrets module generates cryptographically strong random numbers suitable for managing data such as passwords, account authentication, security tokens, and related secrets.
Let's start by looking at the entire code for our secure password generator. Don't worry if it looks intimidating; we'll break it down line by line in the next section.
import secrets import string def generate_password(length=12): characters = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + string.punctuation password = ''.join(secrets.choice(characters) for _ in range(length)) return password def main(): print("Welcome to the Secure Password Generator!") try: length = int(input("Enter the desired password length: ")) if length <= 0: raise ValueError("Password length must be positive") except ValueError as e: print(f"Invalid input: {e}") print("Using default length of 12 characters.") length = 12 password = generate_password(length) print(f"\nYour generated password is: {password}") if __name__ == "__main__": main()
Now, let's break this down and examine each part in detail.
import secrets import string
These two lines import the modules we need for our secure password generator:
The secrets module provides functions for generating cryptographically strong random numbers suitable for managing secrets such as passwords. It's more secure than the random module for cryptographic purposes.
The string module offers constants containing various types of characters (letters, digits, punctuation). This saves us from manually typing out all possible characters we might want in a password.
def generate_password(length=12): characters = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + string.punctuation password = ''.join(secrets.choice(characters) for _ in range(length)) return password
This function generates our secure password:
We create a string characters containing all possible characters for our password.
We use secrets.choice() to randomly select characters from this string. This is more secure than using random.choice() because it uses the operating system's cryptographically secure random number generator.
We join these characters into a single string to form our password.
def main(): print("Welcome to the Secure Password Generator!") try: length = int(input("Enter the desired password length: ")) if length <= 0: raise ValueError("Password length must be positive") except ValueError as e: print(f"Invalid input: {e}") print("Using default length of 12 characters.") length = 12 password = generate_password(length) print(f"\nYour generated password is: {password}")
This function handles user interaction:
if __name__ == "__main__": main()
This block ensures that the main() function is only called if the script is run directly, not if it's imported as a module.
Here are some ideas to further improve your password generator:
By using the secrets module instead of random, we've created a more secure password generator.
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