Overlapping methods

• Overlapping methods allow Java to support polymorphism at runtime.
• Polymorphism is essential in object-oriented programming, allowing a general class to define common methods and subclasses to implement specific versions of those methods.
• Method overriding implements the "one interface, many methods" concept, where subclasses can adapt the functionality of inherited methods.
• Superclasses provide general methods that subclasses can use or override to implement specific behaviors while maintaining interface consistency.

Example with the TwoDShape class:

• The TwoDShape class defines attributes such as width, height and name, as well as an area() method that is overridden in subclasses.
• Triangle and Rectangle subclasses override the area() method to calculate the area according to the type of shape.
• The area() method in the superclass serves as a placeholder, warning that it must be overridden in subclasses.

Use of inheritance and polymorphism:
A TwoDShape array can contain objects from its subclasses, such as Triangle and Rectangle.
The appropriate area() method is called at runtime based on the type of the referenced object, demonstrating polymorphism.

Program output:
The program illustrates how different shapes (triangles, rectangles) have their areas calculated correctly using the overlapping method.
When a generic TwoDShape object is used, the superclass's default implementation of area() is called.

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