Detailed explanation: Shell script variable judgment parameter command
$n 传递给脚本或函数的参数。n 是一个数字,表示第几个参数。例如,第一个参数是$1,第二个参数是$2 $? 上个命令的退出状态,或函数的返回值。成功返回0,失败返回1 $# 传递给脚本或函数的参数个数 $* 所有这些参数都被双引号引住。若一个脚本接收两个参数,$*等于$1$2 $0 正在被执行命令的名字。对于shell脚本而言,这是被激活命令的路径 $@ 被双引号(” “)包含时,与 $* 稍有不同。若一个脚本接收到两个参数,$@等价于$1$2 $$ 当前shell的进程号。对于shell脚本,这是其正在执行时的进程ID $! 前一个后台命令的进程号
-b file 若文件存在且是一个块特殊文件,则为真 -c file 若文件存在且是一个字符特殊文件,则为真 -d file 若文件存在且是一个目录,则为真 -e file 若文件存在,则为真 -f file 若文件存在且是一个规则文件,则为真 -g file 若文件存在且设置了SGID位的值,则为真 -h file 若文件是软链接,则为真 -k file 若文件存在且设置了”sticky”位的值 -L file 若文件为符号链接,则为真 -p file 若文件存在且为一已命名管道,则为真 -r file 若文件可读,则为真 -s file 判断文件是否存在,且是否为非空,不为空,则为真 -S file 判断文件是否存在,且是否为套接字文件 -t file 文件描述符(默认为1)指定的设备为终端时为真 -u file 若文件存在且设置了SUID位,则为真 -w file 若文件可写,则为真 -x file 若文件可执行,则为真 [ file1 -nt file2 ] 若file1比file2新,或file1存在但file2不存在,则为真 [ file1 -ot file2 ] 若file1比file2老,或file2存在但file1不存在,则为真 [ file1 -ef file2 ] 若file1和file2指向相同的设备和节点号则返回,为真
-eq 两数相等,则为真 例:if [ "$a" -eq "$b" ] -ne 两数不相等,则为真 例:if [ "$a" -ne "$b" ] -gt a大于b,则为真 例:if [ "$a" -gt "$b" ] -ge 大于或等于,则为真 例:if [ "$a" -ge "$b" ] -lt a小于b,则为真 例:if [ "$a" -lt "$b" ] -le a小于或等于b,则为真 例:if [ "$a" -le "$b" ] 大于(需双括号) 例:(("$a" > "$b")) >= 大于等于(需双括号) 例:(("$a" >= "$b")) 小数据比较可使用AWK。
! [ ! false ] 返回true 逻辑否,条件为假,结果为真 -a [ $a -lt 2 -a $b -gt 5 ] 返回true 逻辑与,两个表达式都为真,则为真 -o [ $a -lt 2 -o $b -gt 5 ] 返回true 逻辑或,只要有一个表达式为true,则为真 [ ] || [ ] 用OR来合并两个条件 [ ] && [ ] 用AND来合并两个条件
== 若两个字符串相同则为真,与=等价 例:[ "str1" = "str2" ] != 若字符串不相同则为真 例:[ "str1" != "str2" ] 若str1字典排序在str2后则为真 例:[ "str1" \> "str2" ] -n 若str长度非零则为真,即非空 例:[ -n "str1" ] -z 若file长度为零,即空,则为真 例:[ -z "str1" ]
注意:在[]结构中”
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