Math Functions in Java

Java is one of the most useful programming languages. It has a variety of applications such as architecture building, solving calculations in science, building maps, etc. To make these tasks easy, Java provides a java.lang.Math class or Math Functions in Java that performs several operations such as square, exponential, ceil, logarithm, cube, abs, trigonometry, square root, floor, etc.

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This class provides two fields which are the basics of math class. They are,

• ‘e’ which is the natural logarithm’s base(718281828459045)
• ‘pi’ which is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter(141592653589793)

Various Math Functions in Java

Java offers a plethora of Math methods. They can be classified as shown below:

• Basic Math Methods
• Trigonometric Math Methods
• Logarithmic Math Methods
• Hyperbolic Math Methods
• Angular Math Methods

Now, let us look into them in detail.

1. Basic Math Methods

For better understanding, we can implement the above methods in a Java program as shown below:

Method	Return value	Arguments	Example
abs()	Argument’s absolute value. i.e. positive value	long, int, float, double	int n1 = Math.abs (80)  //n1=80 int n2 =Math.abs (-60) //n2=60
sqrt()	The square root of the argument	double	double n= Math.sqrt (36.0) // n=6.0
cbrt()	Cube root of the argument	double	double n= Math.cbrt (8.0) // n=2.0
max()	Maximum of the two values passed in the argument	long, int, float, double	int n=Math.max(15,80) //n=80
min()	Minimum of the two values passed in the argument	long, int, float, double	int n=Math.min(15,80) //n=15
ceil()	Rounds float value up to an integer value	double	double n=Math.ceil(6.34) //n=7.0
floor()	Rounds float value down to an integer value	double	double n=Math.floor(6.34) //n=6.0
round()	Rounds the float or double value to an integer value either up or down	double, float	double n = Math.round(22.445);//n=22.0 double n2 = Math.round(22.545); //n=23.0
pow()	Value of the first parameter raised to the second parameter	double	double n= Math.pow(2.0, 3.0) //n=8.0
random()	A random number between 0 and 1	double	double n= Math.random() //n= 0.2594036953954201
signum()	Sign of the passed parameter. If positive, 1 will be displayed. If negative, -1 will be displayed. If 0, 0 will be displayed	double, float	double n = Math. signum (22.4);//n=1.0 double n2 = Math. signum (-22.5);//n=-1.0
addExact()	Sum of the parameters. Exception is thrown if the result obtained overflows long or int value.	int, long	int n= Math.addExact(35, 21)//n=56
incrementExact()	Parameter incremented by 1. The exception is thrown if the result obtained overflows int value.	int, long	int n=Math. incrementExact(36) //n=37
subtractExact()	Difference of the parameters. The exception is thrown if the result obtained overflows int value.	int, long	int n= Math.subtractExact(36, 11) //n=25
multiplyExact()	Sum of the parameters. Exception is thrown if the result obtained overflows long or int value.	int, long	int n= Math.multiplyExact(5, 5) //n=25
decrementExact()	Parameter decremented by 1. The exception is thrown if the result obtained overflows int or long value.	int, long	int n=Math. decrementExact (36) //n=35
negateExact()	The negation of the parameter. The exception is thrown if the result obtained overflows int or long value.	int, long	int n=Math. negateExact(36) //n=-36
copySign()	Absolute value of the first parameter along with the sign specified in the second parameters	double,float	double d= Math.copySign(29.3,-17.0) //n=-29.3
floorDiv()	Divide the first parameter by second parameter and floor operation is performed.	long, int	int n= Math.floorDiv(25, 3) //n=8
hypot()	the sum of the squares of the parameters and perform square root operation. Intermediate overflow or underflow should not be there.	double	double n=Math.hypot(4,3) //n=5.0
getExponent()	unbiased exponent. This exponent is represented in double or float	int	double n=Math.getExponent(50.45) //n=5

Code:

//Java program to implement basic math functions
public class JavaMathFunctions {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n1 = Math.abs(80);
System.out.println("absolute value of 80 is: "+n1);
int n2 = Math.abs(-60);
System.out.println("absolute value of -60 is: "+n2);
double n3 = Math.sqrt(36.0);
System.out.println("Square root of 36.0 is: "+n3);
double n4 = Math.cbrt(8.0);
System.out.println("cube root 0f 8.0 is: "+n4);
int n5= Math.max(15,80);
System.out.println("max value is: "+n5);
int n6 =Math.min(15,80);
System.out.println("min value is: "+n6);
double n7 = Math.ceil(6.34);
System.out.println("ceil value of 6.34 is "+n7);
double n8 = Math.floor(6.34);
System.out.println("floor value of 6.34 is: "+n8);
double n9 = Math.round(22.445);
System.out.println("round value of 22.445 is: "+n9);
double n10 = Math.round(22.545);
System.out.println("round value of 22.545 is: "+n10);
double n11= Math.pow(2.0, 3.0);
System.out.println("power value is: "+n11);
double n12= Math.random();
System.out.println("random value is: "+n12);
double n13 = Math. signum (22.4);
System.out.println("signum value of 22.4 is: "+n13);
double n14 = Math. signum (-22.5);
System.out.println("signum value of 22.5 is: "+n14);
int n15= Math.addExact(35, 21);
System.out.println("added value is: "+n15);
int n16=Math. incrementExact(36);
System.out.println("increment of 36 is: "+n16);
int n17 = Math.subtractExact(36, 11);
System.out.println("difference is: "+n17);
int n18 = Math.multiplyExact(5, 5);
System.out.println("product is: "+n18);
int n19 =Math. decrementExact (36);
System.out.println("decrement of 36 is: "+n19);
int n20 =Math. negateExact(36);
System.out.println("negation value of 36 is: "+n20);
}
}

Output:

2. Trigonometric Math Methods

Following is the Java program to implement trigonometric math functions mentioned in the table:

Method	Return value	Arguments	Example
sin()	Sine value of the parameter	double	double num1 = 60; //Conversion of value to radians double value = Math.toRadians(num1); print Math.sine (value) //output is 0.8660254037844386
cos()	Cosine value of the parameter	double	double num1 = 60; //Conversion of value to radians double value = Math.toRadians(num1); print Math.cos (value) //output is           0.5000000000000001
tan()	tangent value of the parameter	double	double num1 = 60; //Conversion of value to radians double value = Math.toRadians(num1); print Math.tan(value) //output is 1.7320508075688767
asin()	Arc Sine value of the parameter. Or Inverse sine value of the parameter	double	Math.asin(1.0) // 1.5707963267948966
acos()	Arc cosine value of the parameter Or Inverse Cosine value of the parameter	double	Math.acos(1.0) //0.0
atan()	Arctangent value of the parameter Or Inverse tangent value of the parameter	double	Math.atan(6.267) // 1.4125642791467878

Method

Return value

Arguments

Example

sin()

Sine value of the parameter

double

double num1 = 60; //Conversion of value to radians

double value = Math.toRadians(num1); print Math.sine (value) //output is 0.8660254037844386

cos()

Cosine value of the parameter

double

double num1 = 60; //Conversion of value to radians

double value = Math.toRadians(num1); print Math.cos (value) //output is           0.5000000000000001

tan()

tangent value of the parameter

double

double num1 = 60; //Conversion of value to radians

double value = Math.toRadians(num1); print Math.tan(value) //output is 1.7320508075688767

asin()

Arc Sine value of the parameter. Or Inverse sine value of the parameter

double

Math.asin(1.0) // 1.5707963267948966

acos()

Arc cosine value of the parameter Or Inverse Cosine value of the parameter

double

Math.acos(1.0) //0.0

atan()

Arctangent value of the parameter Or Inverse tangent value of the parameter

double

Math.atan(6.267) // 1.4125642791467878

Code:

//Java program to implement trigonometric math functions
public class JavaMathFunctions {
public static void main(String[] args) {
double num1 = 60;
// Conversion of value to radians
double value = Math.toRadians(num1);
System.out.println("sine value is : "+Math.sin(value));
System.out.println("cosine value is : "+Math.cos(value));
System.out.println("tangent value is : "+Math.tan(value));
double num2 = 1.0;
System.out.println("acosine value is : "+Math.acos(num2));
System.out.println("asine value is : "+Math.asin(num2));
double num3 = 6.267;
System.out.println("atangent value is : "+Math.atan(num3)); <strong>Output:</strong>

3. Logarithmic Math Methods

Following is the sample program that implements Logarithmic math methods:

Method	Return Value	Arguments	Example
expm1()	Calculate E’s power and minus 1 from it. E is Euler’s number. So here, it is ex-1.	double	double n = Math.expm1(2.0) // n = 6.38905609893065
exp()	E’s power to the given parameter. That is, ex	double	double n=Math.exp(2.0) //n = 7.38905609893065
log()	Natural logarithm of parameter	double	double n=Math.log(38.9) //n=3.6609942506244004
log10()	Base 10 logarithm of parameter	double	double n =  Math.log10(38.9) //n= 1.5899496013257077
log1p()	Natural logarithm of the sum of parameter and one. ln(x+1)	double	double n =   Math.log1p(26) //n= 3.295836866004329

Code:

//Java program to implement logarithmic math functions
public class JavaMathFunctions {
public static void main(String[] args) {
double n1 = Math.expm1(2.0);
double n2 = Math.exp(2.0);
double n3 = Math.log(38.9);
double n4 = Math.log10(38.9);
double n5 = Math.log1p(26);
System.out.println("expm1 value of 2.0 is : "+n1);
System.out.println("exp value of 2.0 is : "+n2);
System.out.println("log of 38.9 is : "+n3);
System.out.println("log10 of 38.9 is : "+n4);
System.out.println("log1p of 26 is : "+n5);
}}

Output:

4. Hyperbolic Math Methods

Following is the Java program to implement hyperbolic math functions mentioned in the table:

Method	Return value	Arguments	Example
sinh()	Hyperbolic Sine value of the parameter. i.e (ex – e -x)/2 Here, E is the Euler’s number.	double	double num1=Math.sinh (30) //output is 5.343237290762231E12
cosh()	Hyperbolic Cosine value of the parameter. i.e. (ex + e -x)/2 Here, E is the Euler’s number.	double	double num1 = Math.cosh (60.0) //output is 5.710036949078421E25
tanh()	Hyperbolic tangent value of the parameter	double	double num1= Math.tanh (60.0) //output is 1.0

Code:

//Java program to implement HYPERBOLIC math functions
public class JavaMathFunctions {
public static void main(String[] args) {
double n1 = Math.sinh (30);
double n2 = Math.cosh (60.0);
double n3 = Math.tanh (60.0);
System.out.println("Hyperbolic sine value of 300 is : "+n1);
System.out.println("Hyperbolic cosine value of 60.0 is : "+n2);
System.out.println("Hyperbolic tangent value of 60.0 is : "+n3);
}
}

Output:

5. Angular Math Methods

Method	Return Value	Arguments	Example
toRadians()	Degree angle converts to radian angle	double	double n = Math.toRadians(180.0) //n= 3.141592653589793
toDegrees()	Radian angle converts to Degree angle	double	double n = Math. toDegrees (Math.PI) //n=180.0

 Now, let us see a sample program to demonstrate Angular Math methods.

Code:

//Java program to implement Angular math functions
public class JavaMathFunctions {
public static void main(String[] args) {
double n1 = Math.toRadians(180.0);
double n2 = Math. toDegrees (Math.PI);
System.out.println("Radian value of 180.0 is : "+n1);
System.out.println("Degree value of pi is : "+n2);
}
}

Output:

Conclusion

Java offers a wide variety of math functions to perform different tasks such as scientific calculations, architecture designing, structure designing, building maps, etc. This document discusses several basic, trigonometric, logarithmic and angular math functions in detail with sample programs and examples.

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