search
HomeWeb Front-endJS TutorialDetailed discussion of Higher-Order Functions (HOFs).

Higher-Order Functions (HOFs) সম্পর্কে বিস্তারিত আলোচনা

Higher-Order Function (HOF) is a function that can accept another function as an argument or return a function, or both. Functions in JavaScript are considered First-Class Citizens, which means that functions can be stored as variables, passed as arguments, and returned. Because of this, it is easy to create higher-order functions in JavaScript.

Higher-Order Function is a function that:

  1. can take one or more functions as input.
  2. can return a function as output.

Such functions help make programming more modular and reusable.

eg:-

function higherOrderFunction(callback) {
    // কিছু কাজ করল
    console.log("Executing the callback function now...");
    callback();  // কলব্যাক ফাংশনকে কল করা হচ্ছে
}

function sayHello() {
    console.log("Hello, World!");
}

// higherOrderFunction কে একটি ফাংশন হিসেবে call করা হল
higherOrderFunction(sayHello); 
// Output:
// Executing the callback function now...
// Hello, World!

In the above example, higherOrderFunction is a higher-order function that takes a function named sayHello as an argument and then calls it.

Advantages of Higher-Order Functions:

  1. Code Reusability: You can make common functions reusable by using HOFs.
  2. Abstraction: HOFs simplify complex logic by abstracting it.
  3. Modularity: Splitting code into smaller chunks makes it easier to manage.
  4. Functional Programming: HOFs are the basis of functional programming, where functions contain no state or mutable data.

Use of Higher-Order Functions:

  • Event Handlers: HOFs are often used as event handlers, which define what action to take after a specific event.
  • Asynchronous Programming: In asynchronous operations, such as AJAX calls, the actions to be performed after an AJAX call are determined by HOFs.
  • Currying: Currying breaks down the function, and creates a new function with partial arguments.
  • Composition: HOFs can be used to combine small functions to form complex functions.

Common Higher-Order Functions in JavaScript

JavaScript has many built-in Higher-Order Functions, which are commonly used to operate on arrays. Some common HOFs are:

  1. map(): It applies a specified function to each element of an array and returns a new array.

    javascriptCopy code
    const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4];
    const doubled = numbers.map(function(num) {
        return num * 2;
    });
    console.log(doubled); // Output: [2, 4, 6, 8]
    
    
  2. filter(): এটি একটি array-এর উপাদানগুলোকে একটি নির্দিষ্ট condition-এর ভিত্তিতে ফিল্টার করে এবং একটি নতুন array রিটার্ন করে।

    javascriptCopy code
    const ages = [18, 21, 16, 25, 30];
    const adults = ages.filter(function(age) {
        return age >= 18;
    });
    console.log(adults); // Output: [18, 21, 25, 30]
    
    
  3. reduce(): এটি একটি array-কে একটি single value-তে রিডিউস করে, একটি accumulator ব্যবহার করে।

    javascriptCopy code
    const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4];
    const sum = numbers.reduce(function(acc, num) {
        return acc + num;
    }, 0);
    console.log(sum); // Output: 10
    
  4. forEach(): এটি একটি array-এর প্রতিটি উপাদানে নির্দিষ্ট ফাংশন অ্যাপ্লাই করে, কিন্তু কোনো নতুন array রিটার্ন করে না।

    javascriptCopy code
    const numbers = [1, 2, 3];
    numbers.forEach(function(num) {
        console.log(num * 2); // Output: 2, 4, 6
    });
    
  5. Function Returning Function : JavaScript-এ, ফাংশন Higher-Order Functions এর মাধ্যমে অন্য একটি ফাংশনকে রিটার্ন করতে পারে। এটি শক্তিশালী কৌশল যেমন currying এবং function composition করতে সক্ষম করে।

javascriptCopy code
function createMultiplier(multiplier) {
    return function(number) {
        return number * multiplier;
    };
}

const double = createMultiplier(2);
const triple = createMultiplier(3);

console.log(double(5)); // Output: 10
console.log(triple(5)); // Output: 15

এই উদাহরণে, createMultiplier একটি Higher-Order Function যা একটি ফাংশনকে রিটার্ন করে যা একটি সংখ্যাকে গুণ করবে নির্দিষ্ট multiplier দিয়ে।

  1. Callback Functions : Callback Functions হল একটি ফাংশন যা একটি অন্য ফাংশনের আর্গুমেন্ট হিসেবে পাস করা হয় এবং প্রয়োজন অনুযায়ী সেই ফাংশনের ভিতরে এক্সিকিউট করা হয়। Callback Functions মূলত Higher-Order Functions এর একটি বিশেষ রূপ।
javascriptCopy code
function fetchData(callback) {
    setTimeout(function() {
        callback("Data fetched successfully!");
    }, 1000);
}

fetchData(function(message) {
    console.log(message); // Output: "Data fetched successfully!"
});

এই উদাহরণে, fetchData একটি HOF, যা একটি ফাংশনকে আর্গুমেন্ট হিসেবে নেয় এবং সেটাকে নির্দিষ্ট সময় পরে কলব্যাক হিসেবে কল করে।

Conclusion

Higher-Order Functions JavaScript-এ একটি শক্তিশালী এবং বহুমুখী কনসেপ্ট যা কোডকে আরও সংগঠিত, পুনঃব্যবহারযোগ্য, এবং পরিষ্কার করে তোলে। ফাংশনকে ফার্স্ট-ক্লাস সিটিজেন হিসেবে গ্রহণ করে, JavaScript ডেভেলপারদের বিভিন্ন প্রোগ্রামিং প্যাটার্ন অনুসরণ করতে দেয়, যা ডেভেলপমেন্টকে আরও কার্যকর করে তোলে।

The above is the detailed content of Detailed discussion of Higher-Order Functions (HOFs).. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
Javascript Data Types : Is there any difference between Browser and NodeJs?Javascript Data Types : Is there any difference between Browser and NodeJs?May 14, 2025 am 12:15 AM

JavaScript core data types are consistent in browsers and Node.js, but are handled differently from the extra types. 1) The global object is window in the browser and global in Node.js. 2) Node.js' unique Buffer object, used to process binary data. 3) There are also differences in performance and time processing, and the code needs to be adjusted according to the environment.

JavaScript Comments: A Guide to Using // and /* */JavaScript Comments: A Guide to Using // and /* */May 13, 2025 pm 03:49 PM

JavaScriptusestwotypesofcomments:single-line(//)andmulti-line(//).1)Use//forquicknotesorsingle-lineexplanations.2)Use//forlongerexplanationsorcommentingoutblocksofcode.Commentsshouldexplainthe'why',notthe'what',andbeplacedabovetherelevantcodeforclari

Python vs. JavaScript: A Comparative Analysis for DevelopersPython vs. JavaScript: A Comparative Analysis for DevelopersMay 09, 2025 am 12:22 AM

The main difference between Python and JavaScript is the type system and application scenarios. 1. Python uses dynamic types, suitable for scientific computing and data analysis. 2. JavaScript adopts weak types and is widely used in front-end and full-stack development. The two have their own advantages in asynchronous programming and performance optimization, and should be decided according to project requirements when choosing.

Python vs. JavaScript: Choosing the Right Tool for the JobPython vs. JavaScript: Choosing the Right Tool for the JobMay 08, 2025 am 12:10 AM

Whether to choose Python or JavaScript depends on the project type: 1) Choose Python for data science and automation tasks; 2) Choose JavaScript for front-end and full-stack development. Python is favored for its powerful library in data processing and automation, while JavaScript is indispensable for its advantages in web interaction and full-stack development.

Python and JavaScript: Understanding the Strengths of EachPython and JavaScript: Understanding the Strengths of EachMay 06, 2025 am 12:15 AM

Python and JavaScript each have their own advantages, and the choice depends on project needs and personal preferences. 1. Python is easy to learn, with concise syntax, suitable for data science and back-end development, but has a slow execution speed. 2. JavaScript is everywhere in front-end development and has strong asynchronous programming capabilities. Node.js makes it suitable for full-stack development, but the syntax may be complex and error-prone.

JavaScript's Core: Is It Built on C or C  ?JavaScript's Core: Is It Built on C or C ?May 05, 2025 am 12:07 AM

JavaScriptisnotbuiltonCorC ;it'saninterpretedlanguagethatrunsonenginesoftenwritteninC .1)JavaScriptwasdesignedasalightweight,interpretedlanguageforwebbrowsers.2)EnginesevolvedfromsimpleinterpreterstoJITcompilers,typicallyinC ,improvingperformance.

JavaScript Applications: From Front-End to Back-EndJavaScript Applications: From Front-End to Back-EndMay 04, 2025 am 12:12 AM

JavaScript can be used for front-end and back-end development. The front-end enhances the user experience through DOM operations, and the back-end handles server tasks through Node.js. 1. Front-end example: Change the content of the web page text. 2. Backend example: Create a Node.js server.

Python vs. JavaScript: Which Language Should You Learn?Python vs. JavaScript: Which Language Should You Learn?May 03, 2025 am 12:10 AM

Choosing Python or JavaScript should be based on career development, learning curve and ecosystem: 1) Career development: Python is suitable for data science and back-end development, while JavaScript is suitable for front-end and full-stack development. 2) Learning curve: Python syntax is concise and suitable for beginners; JavaScript syntax is flexible. 3) Ecosystem: Python has rich scientific computing libraries, and JavaScript has a powerful front-end framework.

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

MantisBT

MantisBT

Mantis is an easy-to-deploy web-based defect tracking tool designed to aid in product defect tracking. It requires PHP, MySQL and a web server. Check out our demo and hosting services.

SecLists

SecLists

SecLists is the ultimate security tester's companion. It is a collection of various types of lists that are frequently used during security assessments, all in one place. SecLists helps make security testing more efficient and productive by conveniently providing all the lists a security tester might need. List types include usernames, passwords, URLs, fuzzing payloads, sensitive data patterns, web shells, and more. The tester can simply pull this repository onto a new test machine and he will have access to every type of list he needs.

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

EditPlus Chinese cracked version

EditPlus Chinese cracked version

Small size, syntax highlighting, does not support code prompt function

Atom editor mac version download

Atom editor mac version download

The most popular open source editor