Mariadb learning summary (2): database and table management

Database Management

Buddha said: "First there is the database, then there are tables, then there are data..."

Create database

CREATE DATABASE [IF NOT EXISTS] db_name
    [create_specification] ...

create_specification:
    [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name
  | [DEFAULT] COLLATE [=] collation_name

For example: Create a database and specify the default character set as UTF-8

SHOW CHARACTER SET;//查看支持的字符集
CREATE DATABASE mydb CHARACTER SET='utf8'; //创建数据库mydb，并指定字符集为utf-8

View database creation information

MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW CREATE DATABASE mydb;
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database                                               |
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| mydb     | CREATE DATABASE `mydb` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ |
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Modify database

ALTER {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [db_name]
alter_specification ...
ALTER {DATABASE | SCHEMA} db_name
UPGRADE DATA DIRECTORY NAME //Use this command to re-encode the database file when upgrading the database

alter_specification:
[DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name
| [DEFAULT] COLLATE [=] collation_nam

Modify the character set of the database mydb to utf-16:

MariaDB [(none)]> ALTER DATABASE mydb CHARACTER SET = utf16;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Delete database

DROP {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF EXISTS] db_name deletes the database very well. . . quick! So, think about it before entering the car.

MariaDB [(none)]> DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS mydb;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Set database default character set

Just add this command to my.cnf, under [mysqld]:

character_set_server = utf8

Table Management

Create table

CREATE [OR REPLACE] [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name
    (create_definition,...) [table_options    ]... [partition_options]

The more basic one is the table definition option, as follows:

column_definition:
    data_type
      [NOT NULL | NULL] [DEFAULT default_value | (expression)]
      [AUTO_INCREMENT] [UNIQUE [KEY] | [PRIMARY] KEY]
      [INVISIBLE] [{WITH|WITHOUT} SYSTEM VERSIONING]
      [COMMENT 'string']
      [COLUMN_FORMAT {FIXED|DYNAMIC|DEFAULT}]
      [reference_definition]

For example: Create a User table with 4 fields: ID, username, password, login time

MariaDB [mydb]> CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS user(
    -> id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    -> username VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
    -> password VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,
    -> logintime TIMESTAMP NOT NULL);

View table

In Mysql, you can use DESCRIBE table_name; to view the definition of the table. DESCRIBE can be abbreviated as DESC, as follows:

MariaDB [mydb]> DESC user;
+-----------+-------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| Field     | Type        | Null | Key | Default           | Extra                       |
+-----------+-------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| id        | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL              | auto_increment              |
| username  | varchar(10) | NO   |     | NULL              |                             |
| password  | varchar(32) | NO   |     | NULL              |                             |
| logintime | timestamp   | NO   |     | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
+-----------+-------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.03 sec)

Of course, we can also use SHOW CREATE TABLE table_name; to view the commands used to define the table

MariaDB [mydb]> SHOW CREATE TABLE user;
+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| user  | CREATE TABLE `user` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `username` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
  `password` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
  `logintime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf16 |  //这里可以看到这张表使用的存储引擎和字符集
+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Modify table

1.为user表添加一个新的字段registtime来记录用户的注册时间

MariaDB [mydb]> ALTER TABLE user ADD COLUMN registtime TIMESTAMP NOT NULL AFTER logintime;

所以，添加字段的格式可以为如下：

ALTER TABLE table_name ADD [COLUMN] col_name column_definition
        [FIRST | AFTER col_name ]

其中，FIRST与AFTER是指定新添加的字段在什么位置，FIRST代表第一列，而AFTER指示在某一列之后

2.为user表修改一个字段，把刚才新加的registtime字段的数据类型修改为datatime类型

MariaDB [mydb]> ALTER TABLE user MODIFY COLUMN registtime DATETIME;

命令格式如下：

ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY [COLUMN] col_name column_definition
        [FIRST | AFTER col_name]

3.修改字段registtime为createtime
MariaDB [mydb]> ALTER TABLE user CHANGE registtime createtime DATETIME NOT NULL;
命令格式如下，需要重新定义下新的字段：

ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE [COLUMN] old_col_name new_col_name column_definition
        [FIRST|AFTER col_name]

4.删除这个createtime字段，所有行的这个字段的数据也会被删除

MariaDB [mydb]> ALTER TABLE user DROP COLUMN createtime;

5.修改表名user为users

MariaDB [mydb]> ALTER TABLE user RENAME TO users;

6.修改数据表的字符集

MariaDB [mydb]> ALTER TABLE users DEFAULT CHARACTER SET=utf8;

7.修改数据表的存储引擎，有关存储引擎这方面暂时了解的不深，所以这条命令....嗯，你懂得。

MariaDB [mydb]> ALTER TABLE users ENGINE=MyISAM;

会导致数据重建的...所以，谨慎修改

8.修改数据表的排序字段

MariaDB [mydb]> ALTER TABLE users ORDER BY logintime;

删除一个数据表

与删除数据库一样，谨慎按下回车键

MariaDB [mydb]> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS users;

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