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Shell basic command learning

王林
王林Original
2024-07-15 15:35:24475browse

Shell basic command learning

1:Write shell script
vi test.sh
#!/bin/bash #指定这个脚本需要什么解释器来执行
echo "Hello World !" # echo命令用于向窗口输出文本
2: Execute shell script
cd入文件存在的目录
chmod +x ./test.sh #使脚本具有执行的权限
./test.sh #执行脚本
3: Understanding Shell variables
例子: your_name="wangzhi.cn"
注意:变量名和等号之间不能有空格
规则:
(1).首字母必须为字母(a-z,A-Z)
(2).中间不能有空格,可以使用(_)
(3).不能使用标点符号
(4).不能使用bash中的关键字(可以使用help命令查看保留关键字)
例子:for file in `ls /etc` 这个语句可以将/etc下目录的文件名循环出来
4: Use of variables
定义变量:your_name = "wangzhi"
使用变量:echo ${your_name} # 建议输出变量加上{},养成好的编程习惯.
5: Shell string (note: the subscript is calculated from 0)
单引号:
str = 'This is a string' (限制:
单引号中的任何字符都会原样输出,单引号中无法输出变量;
单引号中不能出现单引号)

双引号:
str = "Hello, I know your are \"${your_name}\"!\n"
(双引号内可以有变量;双引号内可以有转义字符)

字符串拼接:
your_name="qinjx"
greeting="hello, "$your_name" !"
greeting_1="hello, ${your_name} !"
echo $greeting $greeting_1

获取字符串长度:
string="abcd"
echo ${#string} #输出 4

提取字符串
string="alibaba is a great company"
echo ${string:1:4} #输出liba,字符串的下标是从0开始的

查找子字符串(下标从1开始计算)
string="alibaba is a great company"
echo `expr index "$string" is`

#!/bin/bash
your_name="wangzhi"
echo ${your_name}
str='This is a String'
echo "单引号字符串 :${str}" # 拼接都可以这样写,下面的写法是被误导的
str2="Hello, I know you are \"${your_name}\"!\n"
echo "双引号字符串 : \" ${str2}\"\n"
greet="Hello, ${your_name} !"
echo "字符串拼接 : \" ${greet}\"\n"
echo "获取字符串长度 : \"${#greet}\"\n" # 0~length-1,与java中相同
echo "提取字符串 : \"${greet:1:4}\"\n" # 下标从0开始,从1开始计算4个
echo "查找子字符串 : \n"
echo `expr index "${greet} hello"` # 下标是从1开始计算的
6: Shell array (can store various data types, subscript starts from 0)
定义:${数组名[下标]} 例如: valuen = ${array_name[n]}
使用@符号可以获取数组中的所有元素,例如:echo ${array_name[@]}

获取数组长度:
# 取得数组元素的个数
length=${#array_name[@]}
# 或者
length=${#array_name[*]}
# 取得数组单个元素的长度
lengthn=${#array_name[n]}
7: Annotation

Only single line comments----(use # for comments)

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