What exactly is a 'fortress base station'?

Some time ago, a piece of news appeared on the Internet, which successfully attracted my attention.

The news title is as follows: Fortress base station? what is this? Never heard of it before! Out of curiosity, I read the news carefully and searched for relevant information, and finally figured out the origin of this new term. Next, I will give you some popular science on what a "fortress base station" is.

█ The background of the birth of “Fortress Base Station”

The reputation of “Fortress Base Station” is a bit scary, and people think it is used for war, but it is not. Its full name should be called "New Disaster Resistance Fortress Base Station". Yes, this thing is specially used to fight disasters. In recent times, extreme rainfall has occurred in many places in the country, triggering geological disasters such as floods and landslides, and causing huge losses. Natural disasters occur, and many base stations are not immune. Some base stations were flooded, some had power outages, and some had their transmissions interrupted. The final result is to retire (quit the service). Canceling the service will result in no mobile phone signal in the surrounding areas, which will seriously affect the disaster victims' call for rescue, safety reports, and the dispatch and coordination of disaster relief personnel. In July last year, some areas in Beijing suffered heavy rains and floods. Some rivers, bridges, and village houses were severely damaged. Water, power, and signals were cut off for a time, which attracted national attention. Learning from the experience, after the floods receded, when Beijing organized the disaster reconstruction work, it was specifically pointed out that it was necessary to enhance the disaster prevention and resistance level of mobile communication base stations and improve the ability to respond to major natural disasters. So, deploying a certain number of new disaster-resistant fortress base stations has been put on the agenda. On March 7, 2024, the Beijing Municipal Communications Administration specially held a "23·7" post-disaster reconstruction fortress base station construction promotion meeting to organize and coordinate the relevant work of various units and make every effort to promote the construction progress of the fortress base station.

Pictures from the Beijing Municipal Communications Administration

With the joint efforts of the Communications Administration, operators, tower companies and other parties, in June this year, the first "fortress base station" was located in Fozizhuang, Fangshan District, Beijing. Successfully completed. Fozizhuang Fortress Base Station (Picture from Douyin "Youth Selling Iron Towers")According to the plan, Beijing will build a total of 18 fortress base stations this year, located in Mentougou District (8), Fangshan District ( 9), Changping District (1). The investment cost of a single fortress base station is around 2-4 million.

█ "Fortress Base Station", what's so special?

Next, let’s take a closer look at the difference between a fortress base station and an ordinary base station. Why can it be called a "fortress"? Facing extreme disaster scenarios such as earthquakes, floods, typhoons, ice and snow, the Fortress base station has targetedly improved the construction standards of base station communication equipment, power supply, transmission, civil engineering, and installation technology, thus having extremely high damage resistance and emergency communication guarantee ability.

Fortress base station external renderings

In the event of a disaster, the base station is most susceptible to power supply and transmission resources. In terms of power, the Fortress base station is equipped with a special battery (lead crystal battery backup) and oil engine (50Kw). It is required that in emergency situations, it can support 144 hours of backup power for 4G equipment (including 24 hours for the battery and 120 hours for the oil engine). In terms of transmission, the "optical cable + satellite" method is adopted. Optical cables are mainly directly buried. In order to ensure the security of inbound and outbound routing, two optical cables with different physical routes are equipped to ensure the independence of the two inbound and outbound routes. For satellites, it is equipped with a high-throughput satellite transmission system and a modem, which can automatically switch through the equipment in the base station.

Internal renderings of the Fortress base station

In terms of station structure, it adopts concrete frame structure and high-strength hot-rolled steel bars, with a seismic fortification intensity of 9°. In terms of anti-snow disaster, the anti-snow load is not less than 0.60KN/㎡, which can withstand the blizzard disaster that occurs once in a century. In terms of wind disaster resistance, it can withstand wind pressure of not less than 0.65KN/㎡ and can withstand strong winds of level 12. The base station also needs to be equipped with complete emergency equipment and facilities, such as fire extinguishing equipment, emergency broadcast equipment, hand/pedal generator equipment, Beidou short message equipment, security surveillance camera equipment, etc., to deal with various emergencies.

█ Conclusion

In short, the Fortress Base Station is a response measure taken by the Beijing Municipal Government to deal with natural disasters, and it is also an innovation in building a "resilient city". In emergencies, these special base stations can effectively ensure the smooth flow of the "communication lifeline" and reduce the loss of life and property caused by disasters. The approach taken by Beijing is worth learning from other regions across the country. This article comes from the WeChat public account: Xian Zao Classroom (ID: xzclasscom), author: Xiao Zaojun

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