Performance comparison of Java frameworks

Based on benchmarks, for small, high-performance applications, Quarkus (fast startup, low memory) or Micronaut (TechEmpower excellent) are ideal choices. Spring Boot is suitable for large, full-stack applications, but has slightly slower startup times and memory usage.

Java Framework Performance Comparison: Spring Boot vs. Micronaut vs. Quarkus

When Choosing a Framework for Building Java Applications performance is an important consideration. This article will compare three popular Java frameworks: Spring Boot, Micronaut, and Quarkus to evaluate their performance on various benchmarks.

Test environment

• Processor: Intel Core i7-10700K
• Memory: 32GB
• Operating system: Windows 10
• Java Version: OpenJDK 11

Benchmarks

We use the following benchmarks to evaluate the framework:

• TechEmpower Full Stack Benchmark: Measures an application's performance in handling real-world requests.
• JMH: Used for micro-benchmarking, measuring the performance of specific components of the framework.

Practical Case

In order to show the performance of these frameworks in actual combat, we created a simple REST API, which provides a simple addition, deletion and modification Check (CRUD) interface.

Spring Boot

Spring Boot is a mature framework that provides a range of features that make it ideal for large-scale, full-stack applications. It performs well on TechEmpower benchmarks but is slightly slower than other frameworks.

Actual code:

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBootApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringBootApplication.class, args);
    }
}

Micronaut

Micronaut is a lightweight, full-stack framework that focuses on quick startup time and low memory footprint. It performed well on the TechEmpower benchmark and was on par with Quarkus.

Actual code:

@MicronautApplication
public class MicronautApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Micronaut.run(MicronautApplication.class, args);
    }
}

Quarkus

Quarkus is a framework based on GraalVM and is known for its extremely fast startup time and lower memory consumption. It performs very well on both the TechEmpower and JMH benchmarks.

Actual code:

@QuarkusApplication
public class QuarkusApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Quarkus.run(QuarkusApplication.class, args);
    }
}

Results

After benchmark testing, Quarkus performed in terms of fast startup time and low memory usage most. Micronaut was on par with Quarkus on the TechEmpower benchmark and slightly worse on the JMH benchmark. Spring Boot is slightly slower in terms of startup time and memory usage.

For small, high-performance applications, Quarkus or Micronaut are good choices. For large, full-stack applications, Spring Boot remains a solid choice.

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