Java framework's microservice architecture distributed transaction solution

Distributed transaction solutions in the Java framework include: Compensation mechanism: perform the opposite operation after transaction failure, suitable for simple transactions. Saga pattern: Break down the transaction into independent steps, each step is executed independently and rolled back in case of failure. Two-Phase Commit (2PC): Coordinates multiple participants (such as databases) to either commit or rollback a transaction.

Distributed transaction solution in Java framework microservice architecture

Distributed transactions need to be solved in microservice architecture One of the important questions. Completing ACID transactions across multiple microservices is critical to ensuring data integrity and consistency. This article will discuss various approaches to distributed transaction solutions in the Java framework and provide a practical case to demonstrate the implementation of these solutions.

Method 1: Compensation Mechanism

The compensation mechanism involves performing the opposite operation after a transaction fails. This approach is simple and easy to implement, but may not be suitable for nested transactions or asynchronous processing.

@Transactional
public void transfer(Account fromAccount, Account toAccount, BigDecimal amount) {
    fromAccount.withdraw(amount);
    toAccount.deposit(amount);
}

@Transactional
public void compensateTransfer(Account fromAccount, Account toAccount, BigDecimal amount) {
    toAccount.withdraw(amount);
    fromAccount.deposit(amount);
}

Method 2: Saga Pattern

The Saga pattern breaks down a transaction into a series of independent steps or "sub-transactions". Each step is executed in a separate transaction and can be rolled back in case of failure.

public class TransferSaga {

    private TransferStep transferStep;
    private CompensateTransferStep compensateTransferStep;

    public TransferSaga(TransferStep transferStep, CompensateTransferStep compensateTransferStep) {
        this.transferStep = transferStep;
        this.compensateTransferStep = compensateTransferStep;
    }

    public void execute(Account fromAccount, Account toAccount, BigDecimal amount) {
        transferStep.execute(fromAccount, toAccount, amount);
        compensateTransferStep.compensate(fromAccount, toAccount, amount);
    }
}

Method 3: Two-Phase Commit (2PC)

2PC is a distributed transaction protocol that coordinates multiple participants (such as databases) participating in the transaction . This protocol ensures that all participants either commit the transaction or roll it back.

Practical Case

Consider a system with two microservices: order-service and payment-service. When a customer places an order, order-service creates the order and sends a payment request to payment-service.

The solution using the compensation mechanism is as follows:

@Transactional
public void createOrder(Order order) {
    orderRepository.save(order);
    paymentService.requestPayment(order.getId(), order.getAmount());
}

@Transactional
public void compensateCreateOrder(Order order) {
    orderRepository.delete(order);
}

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