How to simplify PHP database connections using ORM (Object Relational Mapping)?

Use ORM to simplify PHP database connection and map tables and data in the relational database to objects in the application, which can greatly simplify the interaction with the database. Benefits of ORM include simplified CRUD operations, automatic mapping, object relations, and improved maintainability. Practical example: Use the Doctrine framework to create and persist entities in PHP, interacting with the database by adding them to a persistence context and committing changes.

Simplify PHP database connection using ORM

Object-relational mapping (ORM) is a pattern that combines the Tables and data are mapped to objects in the application. Using an ORM can greatly simplify interaction with the database, thereby improving development efficiency and code maintainability.

What is ORM?

ORM acts as a layer of abstraction between object and relational databases. It automatically maps object properties to columns in database tables and provides convenient methods for create, read, update, and delete (CRUD) operations.

Benefits

The main benefits of using ORM include:

• Simplified CRUD operations: ORM provides simple API to easily create, read, update and delete data from the database.
• Automatic mapping: ORM automatically maps object properties to columns in the database without writing cumbersome SQL queries.
• Object relationship: ORM can automatically manage the relationship between objects, such as one-to-many or many-to-many relationships.
• Improve maintainability: By using ORM, the database interaction logic can be separated from the business logic, improving the maintainability and readability of the code.

Practical Case

Using Doctrine, a popular ORM framework in PHP, to provide a practical case.

Install Doctrine

composer require doctrine/orm

Configuration file

Configuration file in config/orm.yml As follows:

doctrine:
    dbal:
        url: 'mysql://root:@localhost:3306/doctrine_db'
        driver: pdo_mysql
    orm:
        auto_generate_proxy_classes: true
        metadata_cache_driver: array
        query_cache_driver: array

Entity definition

Create entities for mapping to database tables:

// src/Entity/Product.php
namespace App\Entity;

use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping as ORM;

/**
 * @ORM\Entity
 */
class Product
{
    /**
     * @ORM\Id
     * @ORM\GeneratedValue
     * @ORM\Column(type="integer")
     */
    private $id;

    /**
     * @ORM\Column(type="string", length=255)
     */
    private $name;

    /**
     * @ORM\Column(type="float")
     */
    private $price;

    // 省略其他代码...
}

Use ORM

Create a new product using Doctrine in the controller:

// src/Controller/ProductController.php
namespace App\Controller;

use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
use App\Entity\Product;
use Doctrine\ORM\EntityManagerInterface;

class ProductController extends AbstractController
{
    public function create(Request $request, EntityManagerInterface $entityManager)
    {
        $product = new Product();
        $product->setName('New Product');
        $product->setPrice(10.99);

        $entityManager->persist($product);
        $entityManager->flush();

        return $this->redirectToRoute('product_index');
    }
}

In the above example, the persist() method adds the new product to the management associated with the persistence context in the object list. flush() The method commits all changes to the persistence context to the database.

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