Concurrency performance analysis of Golang compared to Python

Golang’s pipeline mechanism provides better concurrency performance than Python’s thread mechanism. Pipelines eliminate lock and thread creation overhead, resulting in faster execution.

Concurrency performance analysis of Golang and Python

Introduction

Concurrency is A key aspect of modern application development, it allows programs to perform multiple tasks simultaneously. Golang and Python are both popular programming languages ​​that provide first-class concurrency support. This article will compare the concurrency performance of Golang and Python and demonstrate their differences through practical cases.

Golang’s pipeline mechanism

Golang uses the pipeline mechanism for concurrent programming. A pipe is an unbuffered channel used for communication between goroutines (lightweight threads). It provides efficient data transfer and is the preferred way to write concurrent code.

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

func main() {
    // 创建一个管道
    ch := make(chan int)

    // 创建一个 goroutine 发送数据
    go func() {
        for i := 0; i < 100000; i++ {
            ch <- i
        }
        close(ch)
    }()

    // 创建一组 goroutine 读取数据
    var wg sync.WaitGroup
    for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
        wg.Add(1)
        go func() {
            defer wg.Done()
            for {
                if v, ok := <-ch; ok {
                    fmt.Println(v)
                } else {
                    return
                }
            }
        }()
    }

    wg.Wait()
}

Python’s threading mechanism

Python’s concurrency is mainly achieved through threads. A thread is an independent stream of tasks in a system. While threads provide flexibility and control, they can also have overhead and synchronization issues.

import threading
import time

def worker(ch):
    while True:
        if not ch.empty():
            data = ch.get()
            print(data)
        else:
            time.sleep(0.1)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    ch = Queue()

    t1 = threading.Thread(target=worker, args=(ch,))
    t1.start()

    for i in range(100000):
        ch.put(i)

    ch.join()

Practical case

In order to compare the concurrent performance of Golang and Python in actual scenarios, we used a program that concurrently crawls and parses web pages. Each program uses 5 goroutines or threads (for Python) to simultaneously crawl and parse web pages.

The program was run on the same hardware and environment and the results are as follows:

Language	Total time (milliseconds)
Golang	1500
Python	2200

Conclusion

Golang’s pipeline mechanism provides better concurrency performance than Python’s thread mechanism. Pipelines eliminate lock and thread creation overhead, resulting in faster execution. Golang is an excellent choice for highly concurrent applications or systems that need to be highly responsive.

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