Home >php教程 >php手册 >PHP SPL标准库之接口(Interface)详解,splinterface

PHP SPL标准库之接口(Interface)详解,splinterface

WBOY
WBOYOriginal
2016-06-13 09:04:591105browse

PHP SPL标准库之接口(Interface)详解,splinterface

PHP SPL标准库总共有6个接口,如下:

1.Countable
2.OuterIterator
3.RecursiveIterator
4.SeekableIterator
5.SplObserver
6.SplSubject

其中OuterIterator、RecursiveIterator、SeekableIterator都是继承Iterator类的,下面会对每种接口作用和使用进行详细说明。

Coutable接口:

实现Countable接口的对象可用于count()函数计数。
复制代码 代码如下:
class Mycount implements Countable
{
    public function count()
    {
        static $count = 0;
        $count++;
        return $count;
    }
}
 
$count = new Mycount();
$count->count();
$count->count();
 
echo count($count); //3
echo count($count); //4

说明:

调用count()函数时,Mycount::count()方法被调用
count()函数的第二个参数将不会产生影响

OuterIterator接口:

自定义或修改迭代过程。
复制代码 代码如下:
//IteratorIterator是OuterIterator的一个实现类
class MyOuterIterator extends  IteratorIterator {
 
    public function current()
    {
        return parent::current() . 'TEST';
    }
}
 
foreach(new MyOuterIterator(new ArrayIterator(['b','a','c'])) as $key => $value) {
    echo "$key->$value".PHP_EOL;
}
/*
结果:
0->bTEST
1->aTEST
2->cTEST
*/

在实际运用中,OuterIterator极其有用:

复制代码 代码如下:
$db = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test', 'root', 'mckee');
$db->query('set names utf8');
$pdoStatement = $db->query('SELECT * FROM test1', PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
$iterator = new IteratorIterator($pdoStatement);
$tenRecordArray = iterator_to_array($iterator);
print_r($tenRecordArray);

RecursiveIterator接口:
用于循环迭代多层结构的数据,RecursiveIterator另外提供了两个方法:

RecursiveIterator::getChildren 获取当前元素下子迭代器
RecursiveIterator::hasChildren 判断当前元素下是否有迭代器

复制代码 代码如下:
class MyRecursiveIterator implements RecursiveIterator
{
    private $_data;
    private $_position = 0;
 
    public function __construct(array $data) {
        $this->_data = $data;
    }
 
    public function valid() {
        return isset($this->_data[$this->_position]);
    }
 
    public function hasChildren() {
        return is_array($this->_data[$this->_position]);
    }
 
    public function next() {
        $this->_position++;
    }
 
    public function current() {
        return $this->_data[$this->_position];
    }
 
    public function getChildren() {
        print_r($this->_data[$this->_position]);
    }
 
    public function rewind() {
        $this->_position = 0;
    }
 
    public function key() {
        return $this->_position;
    }
}
 
$arr = array(0, 1=> array(10, 20), 2, 3 => array(1, 2));
$mri = new MyRecursiveIterator($arr);
 
foreach ($mri as $c => $v) {
    if ($mri->hasChildren()) {
        echo "$c has children: " .PHP_EOL;
        $mri->getChildren();
    } else {
        echo "$v" .PHP_EOL;
    }
 
}
/*
结果:
0
1 has children:
Array
(
    [0] => 10
    [1] => 20
)
2
3 has children:
Array
(
    [0] => 1
    [1] => 2
)
*/

SeekableIterator接口:

通过seek()方法实现可搜索的迭代器,用于搜索某个位置下的元素。
复制代码 代码如下:
class  MySeekableIterator  implements  SeekableIterator  {
 
    private  $position = 0;
 
    private  $array  = array(
        "first element" ,
        "second element" ,
        "third element" ,
        "fourth element"
    );
 
    public function  seek ( $position ) {
        if (!isset( $this -> array [ $position ])) {
            throw new  OutOfBoundsException ( "invalid seek position ( $position )" );
        }
 
       $this -> position  =  $position ;
    }
 
    public function  rewind () {
        $this -> position  =  0 ;
    }
 
    public function  current () {
        return  $this -> array [ $this -> position ];
    }
 
    public function  key () {
        return  $this -> position ;
    }
 
    public function  next () {
        ++ $this -> position ;
    }
 
    public function  valid () {
        return isset( $this -> array [ $this -> position ]);
    }
}
 
try {
 
    $it  = new  MySeekableIterator ;
    echo  $it -> current (),  "\n" ;
 
    $it -> seek ( 2 );
    echo  $it -> current (),  "\n" ;
 
    $it -> seek ( 1 );
    echo  $it -> current (),  "\n" ;
 
    $it -> seek ( 10 );
 
} catch ( OutOfBoundsException $e ) {
    echo  $e -> getMessage ();
}
/*
结果:
first element
third element
second element
invalid seek position ( 10 )
*/

SplObserver和SplSubject接口:
SplObserver和SplSubject接口用来实现观察者设计模式,观察者设计模式是指当一个类的状态发生变化时,依赖它的对象都会收到通知并更新。使用场景非常广泛,比如说当一个事件发生后,需要更新多个逻辑操作,传统方式是在事件添加后编写逻辑,这种代码耦合并难以维护,观察者模式可实现低耦合的通知和更新机制。
看看SplObserver和SplSubject的接口结构:
复制代码 代码如下:
//SplSubject结构 被观察的对象
interface SplSubject{
    public function attach(SplObserver $observer); //添加观察者
    public function detach(SplObserver $observer); //剔除观察者
    public function notify(); //通知观察者
}
 
//SplObserver结构 代表观察者
interface SplObserver{
    public function update(SplSubject $subject); //更新操作
}

看下面一个实现观察者的例子:

复制代码 代码如下:
class Subject implements SplSubject
{
    private $observers = array();
 
    public function attach(SplObserver  $observer)
    {
        $this->observers[] = $observer;
    }
 
    public function detach(SplObserver  $observer)
    {
        if($index = array_search($observer, $this->observers, true)) {
            unset($this->observers[$index]);
        }
    }
 
    public function notify()
    {
        foreach($this->observers as $observer) {
            $observer->update($this);
        }
    }
 
 
}
 
class Observer1 implements  SplObserver
{
    public function update(SplSubject  $subject)
    {
        echo "逻辑1代码".PHP_EOL;
    }
}
 
class Observer2 implements  SplObserver
{
    public function update(SplSubject  $subject)
    {
        echo "逻辑2代码".PHP_EOL;
    }
}
 
 
$subject = new Subject();
$subject->attach(new Observer1());
$subject->attach(new Observer2());
 
$subject->notify();
/*
结果:
逻辑1代码
逻辑2代码
*/

Statement:
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn