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深入理解PHP内核(五)函数的内部结构,深入理解内部结构

WBOY
WBOYOriginal
2016-06-13 08:46:16967browse

深入理解PHP内核(五)函数的内部结构,深入理解内部结构

php的函数包括用户定义的函数、内部函数(print_r count...)、匿名函数、变量函数($func = 'print_r'; $func(array('a','b'));)

PHP内核源码中将函数分为以下类型

<span>#define</span> ZEND_INTERNAL_FUNCTION              1
<span>#define</span> ZEND_USER_FUNCTION                  2  
<span>#define</span> ZEND_OVERLOADED_FUNCTION            3
<span>#define</span> ZEND_EVAL_CODE                      4
<span>#define</span> ZEND_OVERLOADED_FUNCTION_TEMPORARY  5

一、用户函数(ZEND_USER_FUNCTION)

  函数不一定显式的有返回值,在PHP的实现中即使没有显式的返回,PHP内核也会帮我们返回NULL。

  ZEND在执行过程中,会将运行时信息存储于_zend_execute_data中:

<span>struct</span><span> _zend_execute_data {
    </span><span>//</span><span>...省略部分代码</span>
<span>    zend_function_state function_state;
    zend_function </span>*fbc; <span>/*</span><span> Function Being Called </span><span>*/</span>
    <span>//</span><span>...省略部分代码</span>
};

  在程序初始化的过程中,function_state也会进行初始化,function_state由两个部分组成:

typedef <span>struct</span><span> _zend_function_state {
    zend_function </span>*<span>function;
    </span><span>void</span> **<span>arguments;
} zend_function_state;</span>

  *arguments是一个指向函数参数的指针,而函数体本事存储于*function中,*function是一个zend_function结构体,它最终存储了用户自定义函数的一切信息,具体结构如下:

<span>typedef union _zend_function {
    zend_uchar type;    </span><span>/*</span><span> MUST be the first element of this struct! </span><span>*/</span>
 
    <span>struct</span><span> {
        zend_uchar type;  </span><span>/*</span><span> never used </span><span>*/</span>
        <span>char</span> *function_name;    <span>//</span><span>函数名称</span>
        zend_class_entry *scope; <span>//</span><span>函数所在的类作用域</span>
        zend_uint fn_flags;     <span>//</span><span>函数类型,如用户自定义则为 #define </span>
ZEND_USER_FUNCTION <span>2</span><span>  
        union _zend_function </span>*prototype; <span>//</span><span>函数原型</span>
        zend_uint num_args;     <span>//</span><span>参数数目</span>
        zend_uint required_num_args; <span>//</span><span>需要的参数数目</span>
        zend_arg_info *arg_info;  <span>//</span><span>参数信息指针</span>
<span>        zend_bool pass_rest_by_reference;
        unsigned </span><span>char</span> return_reference;  <span>//</span><span>返回值</span>
<span>    } common;
 
    zend_op_array op_array;   </span><span>//</span><span>函数中的操作</span>
<span>‰
    zend_internal_function internal_function;  
} zend_function;</span>

  zend_function的结构体中的op_array存储了该函数中的所有操作,当函数被调用时,ZEND就会将这个op_array中的opline一条条顺序执行,并将最后的结果返回。函数的定义和执行是分开的,一个函数可以作为一个独立的运行单元存在。

二、内部函数(ZEND_INTERNAL_FUNCTION)

  ZEND_INTERNAL_FUNCTION函数是由扩展或者Zend/PHP内核提供的,用c/c++编写,可以直接执行的函数,以下为内部函数的结构

typedef <span>struct</span><span> _zend_internal_function {
    </span><span>/*</span><span> Common elements </span><span>*/</span><span>
    zend_uchar type;
    </span><span>char</span> *<span> function_name;
    zend_class_entry </span>*<span>scope;
    zend_uint fn_flags;
    union _zend_function </span>*<span>prototype;
    zend_uint num_args;
    zend_uint required_num_args;
    zend_arg_info </span>*<span>arg_info;
    zend_bool pass_rest_by_reference;
    unsigned </span><span>char</span><span> return_reference;
    </span><span>/*</span><span> END of common elements </span><span>*/</span>
 
    <span>void</span> (*<span>handler)(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAMETERS);
    </span><span>struct</span> _zend_module_entry *<span>module;
} zend_internal_function;</span>

  在模块初始化的时候,ZE会遍历每个载入的扩展模块,然后将模块中function_entry中指明的每一个函数(module->functions),创建一个zend_internal_function结构,并将其type设置为ZEND_INTERNAL_FUNCTION,将这个结构填入全局的函数表(HashTable结构);函数设置及注册过程见Zend/zene_API.c文件中的zend_register_function函数,这个函数除了处理函数页也处理类的方法,包括那些魔术方法。

  内部函数的结构与用户自定义函数结构基本类似,有一些不同:

  •   调用方法,handler字段,如果是ZEND_INTERNAL_FUNCTION,那么ZEND就会调用zend_execute_internal,通过zend_internal_function.handler来执行这个函数。而用户自定义函数需要生成中间代码,然后通过中间代码映射到相对就把方法调用。
  • 内置函数在结构中多了一个module字段,表示属于哪个模块。不同的扩展模块不同
  • type字段,在用户自定义函数中,type字段几乎无用,而内置函数中的type字段作为几种内部函数的区分。

三、变量函数

  如果一个变量名后边有圆括号,php将寻找与变量的值同名的函数,并且尝试执行。

  变量函数$func

$func = <span>'</span><span>print_r</span><span>'</span><span>;
$func(</span><span>'</span><span>i am print_r function.</span><span>'</span>);

  编译后中间代码

function name:  (<span>null</span><span>)
number of ops:  </span><span>9</span><span>
compiled vars:  </span>!<span>0</span> =<span> $func
line     # </span>*  op                           fetch          ext  <span>return</span><span> operands
</span>------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
   <span>2</span>     <span>0</span>  ><span>   EXT_STMT
         </span><span>1</span>      ASSIGN                                                   !<span>0</span><span>, 
</span><span>'</span><span>print_r</span><span>'</span>
   <span>3</span>     <span>2</span><span>      EXT_STMT
         </span><span>3</span>      INIT_FCALL_BY_NAME                                       !<span>0</span>
         <span>4</span><span>      EXT_FCALL_BEGIN
         </span><span>5</span><span>      SEND_VAL                                                 
</span><span>'</span><span>i+am+print_r+function.</span><span>'</span>
         <span>6</span>      DO_FCALL_BY_NAME                              <span>1</span>
         <span>7</span><span>      EXT_FCALL_END
         </span><span>8</span>    > RETURN                                  1

  内部函数

print_r(<span>'</span><span>i am print_r function.</span><span>'</span>);

  编译后中间代码

function name:  (<span>null</span><span>)
number of ops:  </span><span>6</span><span>
compiled vars:  none
line     # </span>*  op                           fetch          ext  <span>return</span><span>  operands
</span>-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
   <span>2</span>     <span>0</span>  ><span>   EXT_STMT
         </span><span>1</span><span>      EXT_FCALL_BEGIN
         </span><span>2</span><span>      SEND_VAL                                                 
</span><span>'</span><span>i+am+print_r+function.</span><span>'</span>
         <span>3</span>      DO_FCALL                                      <span>1</span>          
<span>'</span><span>print_r</span><span>'</span>
         <span>4</span><span>      EXT_FCALL_END
         </span><span>5</span>    > RETURN                                                   <span>1</span>

  对比发现,二者在调用中间代码上存在一些区别,变量函数是DO_FCALL_BY_NAME,而内部函数是DO_FCALL。这在语法解析时就已经决定了,见Zend/zend_complie.c文件的zend_do_end_function_call函数中部分代码:

<span>if</span> (!is_method && !is_dynamic_fcall && function_name->op_type==<span>IS_CONST) {
        opline</span>->opcode =<span> ZEND_DO_FCALL;
        opline</span>->op1 = *<span>function_name;
        ZVAL_LONG(</span>&opline-><span>op2.u.constant, 
zend_hash_func(Z_STRVAL(function_name</span>->u.constant), Z_STRLEN(function_name-
>u.constant) + <span>1</span><span>));
    } </span><span>else</span><span> {
        opline</span>->opcode =<span> ZEND_DO_FCALL_BY_NAME;
        SET_UNUSED(opline</span>-><span>op1);
    }</span>

  如果不是方法,并且不是动态调用,并且函数名为字符串变量,则其生成的中间代码为ZEND_DO_FCALL。其他情况则为ZEND_DO_FCALL_BY_NAME。另外将变量函数作为回调函数,其处理过程在Zend/zend_complie.c文件的zend_do_pass_param函数中,最终会体现在中间代码执行过程中的ZEND_SEND_VAL_SPEC_CONST_HADNLER等函数中。

 

四、匿名函数

  匿名函数是一类不需要指定表示符,而又可以被调用的函数或子例程,匿名函数可以方便的作为参数传递给其他函数。

  

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