search
HomeBackend DevelopmentPython Tutorialpython进程类subprocess的一些操作方法例子

subprocess.Popen用来创建子进程。

1)Popen启动新的进程与父进程并行执行,默认父进程不等待新进程结束。

复制代码 代码如下:

def TestPopen():
  import subprocess
  p=subprocess.Popen("dir",shell=True)
  for i in range(250) :
    print ("other things")

2)p.wait函数使得父进程等待新创建的进程运行结束,然后再继续父进程的其他任务。且此时可以在p.returncode中得到新进程的返回值。

复制代码 代码如下:

def TestWait():
  import subprocess
  import datetime
  print (datetime.datetime.now())
  p=subprocess.Popen("sleep 10",shell=True)
  p.wait()
  print (p.returncode)
  print (datetime.datetime.now())

3) p.poll函数可以用来检测新创建的进程是否结束。

复制代码 代码如下:

def TestPoll():
  import subprocess
  import datetime
  import time
  print (datetime.datetime.now())
  p=subprocess.Popen("sleep 10",shell=True)
  t = 1
  while(t     time.sleep(1)
    p.poll()
    print (p.returncode)
    t+=1
  print (datetime.datetime.now())

4) p.kill或p.terminate用来结束创建的新进程,在windows系统上相当于调用TerminateProcess(),在posix系统上相当于发送信号SIGTERM和SIGKILL。

复制代码 代码如下:

def TestKillAndTerminate():
    p=subprocess.Popen("notepad.exe")
    t = 1
    while(t       time.sleep(1)
      t +=1
    p.kill()
    #p.terminate()
    print ("new process was killed")

5) p.communicate可以与新进程交互,但是必须要在popen构造时候将管道重定向。

复制代码 代码如下:

def TestCommunicate():
  import subprocess
  cmd = "dir"
  p=subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
  (stdoutdata, stderrdata) = p.communicate()
 
  if p.returncode != 0:
        print (cmd + "error !")
  #defaultly the return stdoutdata is bytes, need convert to str and utf8
  for r in str(stdoutdata,encoding='utf8' ).split("\n"):
    print (r)
  print (p.returncode)


def TestCommunicate2():
  import subprocess
  cmd = "dir"
  #universal_newlines=True, it means by text way to open stdout and stderr
  p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, universal_newlines=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
  curline = p.stdout.readline()

  while(curline != ""):
        print (curline)
        curline = p.stdout.readline()
  p.wait()
  print (p.returncode)

6) call函数可以认为是对popen和wait的分装,直接对call函数传入要执行的命令行,将命令行的退出code返回。

复制代码 代码如下:

def TestCall():
  retcode = subprocess.call("c:\\test.bat")
  print (retcode)

7)subprocess.getoutput 和 subprocess.getstatusoutput ,基本上等价于subprocess.call函数,但是可以返回output,或者同时返回退出code和output。

但是可惜的是好像不能在windows平台使用,在windows上有如下错误:'{' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file.

复制代码 代码如下:

def TestGetOutput():
  outp = subprocess.getoutput("ls -la")
  print (outp)

def TestGetStatusOutput():
  (status, outp) = subprocess.getstatusoutput('ls -la')
  print (status)
  print (outp)

8)总结

popen的参数,第一个为字符串(或者也可以为多个非命名的参数),表示你要执行的命令和命令的参数;后面的均为命名参数;shell=True,表示你前面的传入的命令将在shell下执行,如果你的命令是个可执行文件或bat,不需要指定此参数;stdout=subprocess.PIPE用来将新进程的输出重定向,stderr=subprocess.STDOUT将新进程的错误输出重定向到stdout,stdin=subprocess.PIPE用来将新进程的输入重定向;universal_newlines=True表示以text的方式打开stdout和stderr。

 其他的不推荐使用的模块:

os.system
os.spawn*
os.popen*
popen2.*
commands.*

Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
Merging Lists in Python: Choosing the Right MethodMerging Lists in Python: Choosing the Right MethodMay 14, 2025 am 12:11 AM

TomergelistsinPython,youcanusethe operator,extendmethod,listcomprehension,oritertools.chain,eachwithspecificadvantages:1)The operatorissimplebutlessefficientforlargelists;2)extendismemory-efficientbutmodifiestheoriginallist;3)listcomprehensionoffersf

How to concatenate two lists in python 3?How to concatenate two lists in python 3?May 14, 2025 am 12:09 AM

In Python 3, two lists can be connected through a variety of methods: 1) Use operator, which is suitable for small lists, but is inefficient for large lists; 2) Use extend method, which is suitable for large lists, with high memory efficiency, but will modify the original list; 3) Use * operator, which is suitable for merging multiple lists, without modifying the original list; 4) Use itertools.chain, which is suitable for large data sets, with high memory efficiency.

Python concatenate list stringsPython concatenate list stringsMay 14, 2025 am 12:08 AM

Using the join() method is the most efficient way to connect strings from lists in Python. 1) Use the join() method to be efficient and easy to read. 2) The cycle uses operators inefficiently for large lists. 3) The combination of list comprehension and join() is suitable for scenarios that require conversion. 4) The reduce() method is suitable for other types of reductions, but is inefficient for string concatenation. The complete sentence ends.

Python execution, what is that?Python execution, what is that?May 14, 2025 am 12:06 AM

PythonexecutionistheprocessoftransformingPythoncodeintoexecutableinstructions.1)Theinterpreterreadsthecode,convertingitintobytecode,whichthePythonVirtualMachine(PVM)executes.2)TheGlobalInterpreterLock(GIL)managesthreadexecution,potentiallylimitingmul

Python: what are the key featuresPython: what are the key featuresMay 14, 2025 am 12:02 AM

Key features of Python include: 1. The syntax is concise and easy to understand, suitable for beginners; 2. Dynamic type system, improving development speed; 3. Rich standard library, supporting multiple tasks; 4. Strong community and ecosystem, providing extensive support; 5. Interpretation, suitable for scripting and rapid prototyping; 6. Multi-paradigm support, suitable for various programming styles.

Python: compiler or Interpreter?Python: compiler or Interpreter?May 13, 2025 am 12:10 AM

Python is an interpreted language, but it also includes the compilation process. 1) Python code is first compiled into bytecode. 2) Bytecode is interpreted and executed by Python virtual machine. 3) This hybrid mechanism makes Python both flexible and efficient, but not as fast as a fully compiled language.

Python For Loop vs While Loop: When to Use Which?Python For Loop vs While Loop: When to Use Which?May 13, 2025 am 12:07 AM

Useaforloopwheniteratingoverasequenceorforaspecificnumberoftimes;useawhileloopwhencontinuinguntilaconditionismet.Forloopsareidealforknownsequences,whilewhileloopssuitsituationswithundeterminediterations.

Python loops: The most common errorsPython loops: The most common errorsMay 13, 2025 am 12:07 AM

Pythonloopscanleadtoerrorslikeinfiniteloops,modifyinglistsduringiteration,off-by-oneerrors,zero-indexingissues,andnestedloopinefficiencies.Toavoidthese:1)Use'i

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

VSCode Windows 64-bit Download

VSCode Windows 64-bit Download

A free and powerful IDE editor launched by Microsoft

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SAP NetWeaver Server Adapter for Eclipse

SAP NetWeaver Server Adapter for Eclipse

Integrate Eclipse with SAP NetWeaver application server.

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac

Powerful PHP integrated development environment