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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython TutorialPython读写Excel文件方法介绍

一、读取excel

这里介绍一个不错的包xlrs,可以工作在任何平台。这也就意味着你可以在Linux下读取Excel文件。

首先,打开workbook;

复制代码 代码如下:

import xlrd
wb = xlrd.open_workbook('myworkbook.xls')

检查表单名字:

复制代码 代码如下:

wb.sheet_names()

得到第一张表单,两种方式:索引和名字   
复制代码 代码如下:

sh = wb.sheet_by_index(0)
sh = wb.sheet_by_name(u'Sheet1')

递归打印出每行的信息:  
复制代码 代码如下:

for rownum in range(sh.nrows):
    print sh.row_values(rownum)

如果只想返回第一列数据:
复制代码 代码如下:

first_column = sh.col_values(0)
[code]
通过索引读取数据:
[code]
cell_A1 =  sh.cell(0,0).value
cell_C4 = sh.cell(rowx=3,colx=2).value

注意:这里的索引都是从0开始的。

二、写excel

这里介绍一个不错的包xlwt,可以工作在任何平台。这也就意味着你可以在Linux下保存Excel文件。

基本部分

在写入Excel表格之前,你必须初始化workbook对象,然后添加一个workbook对象。比如:

复制代码 代码如下:

import xlwt
wbk = xlwt.Workbook()
sheet = wbk.add_sheet('sheet 1')

这样表单就被创建了,写入数据也很简单:

复制代码 代码如下:

# indexing is zero based, row then column
sheet.write(0,1,'test text')

之后,就可以保存文件(这里不需要想打开文件一样需要close文件):

复制代码 代码如下:

wbk.save('test.xls')

深入探索

worksheet对象,当你更改表单内容的时候,会有警告提示。

复制代码 代码如下:

sheet.write(0,0,'test')
sheet.write(0,0,'oops')
 
# returns error:
# Exception: Attempt to overwrite cell:
# sheetname=u'sheet 1' rowx=0 colx=0

解决方式:使用cell_overwrite_ok=True来创建worksheet:

复制代码 代码如下:

sheet2 =  wbk.add_sheet('sheet 2', cell_overwrite_ok=True)
sheet2.write(0,0,'some text')
sheet2.write(0,0,'this should overwrite')

这样你就可以更改表单2的内容了。

更多:

复制代码 代码如下:

# Initialize a style
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
 
# Create a font to use with the style
font = xlwt.Font()
font.name = 'Times New Roman'
font.bold = True
 
# Set the style's font to this new one you set up
style.font = font
 
# Use the style when writing
sheet.write(0, 0, 'some bold Times text', style)

xlwt 允许你每个格子或者整行地设置格式。还可以允许你添加链接以及公式。其实你可以阅读源代码,那里有很多例子:

    dates.py, 展示如何设置不同的数据格式
    hyperlinks.py, 展示如何创建超链接 (hint: you need to use a formula)
    merged.py, 展示如何合并格子
    row_styles.py, 展示如何应用Style到整行格子中.

三、修改excel

Python中一般使用xlrd(excel read)来读取Excel文件,使用xlwt(excel write)来生成Excel文件(可以控制Excel中单元格的格式),需要注意的是,用xlrd读 取excel是不能对其进行操作的:xlrd.open_workbook()方法返回xlrd.Book类型,是只读的,不能对其进行操作。而 xlwt.Workbook()返回的xlwt.Workbook类型的save(filepath)方法可以保存excel文件。

因此对于读取和生成Excel文件都非常容易处理,但是对于已经存在的Excel文件进行修改就比较麻烦了。不过,还有一个xlutils(依赖于xlrd和xlwt)提供复制excel文件内容和修改文件的功能。其实际也只是在xlrd.Book和xlwt.Workbook之间建立了一个管道而已,如下图:

xlutils.copy模块的copy()方法实现了这个功能,示例代码如下:

复制代码 代码如下:

from xlrd import open_workbook
from xlutils.copy import copy
 
rb = open_workbook('m:\\1.xls')

#通过sheet_by_index()获取的sheet没有write()方法
复制代码 代码如下:

rs = rb.sheet_by_index(0)
 
wb = copy(rb)

#通过get_sheet()获取的sheet有write()方法
ws = wb.get_sheet(0)
ws.write(0, 0, 'changed!')
 
wb.save('m:\\1.xls')

四、参考

http://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlrd
http://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlwt
http://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlutils

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