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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython TutorialPython守护进程(daemon)代码实例

# -*-coding:utf-8-*-
import sys, os

'''将当前进程fork为一个守护进程

  注意:如果你的守护进程是由inetd启动的,不要这样做!inetd完成了
  所有需要做的事情,包括重定向标准文件描述符,需要做的事情只有
  chdir() 和 umask()了
'''
def daemonize(stdin='/dev/null',stdout= '/dev/null', stderr= 'dev/null'):
  '''Fork当前进程为守护进程,重定向标准文件描述符
    (默认情况下定向到/dev/null)
  '''
  #Perform first fork.
  try:
    pid = os.fork()
    if pid > 0:
      sys.exit(0) #first parent out
  except OSError, e:
    sys.stderr.write("fork #1 failed: (%d) %s\n" %(e.errno, e.strerror))
    sys.exit(1)

  #从母体环境脱离
  os.chdir("/")
  os.umask(0)
  os.setsid()
  #执行第二次fork
  try:
    pid = os.fork()
    if pid > 0:
      sys.exit(0) #second parent out
  except OSError, e:
    sys.stderr.write("fork #2 failed: (%d) %s]n" %(e.errno,e.strerror))
    sys.exit(1)

  #进程已经是守护进程了,重定向标准文件描述符
  for f in sys.stdout, sys.stderr: f.flush()
  si = file(stdin, 'r')
  so = file(stdout,'a+')
  se = file(stderr,'a+',0)
  os.dup2(si.fileno(), sys.stdin.fileno())
  os.dup2(so.fileno(), sys.stdout.fileno())
  os.dup2(se.fileno(), sys.stderr.fileno())

def _example_main():
  '''示例函数:每秒打印一个数字和时间戳'''
  import time
  sys.stdout.write('Daemon started with pid %d\n' % os.getpid())
  sys.stdout.write('Daemon stdout output\n')
  sys.stderr.write('Daemon stderr output\n')

  c = 0
  while True:
    sys.stdout.write('%d: %s\n' %(c, time.ctime()))
    sys.stdout.flush()
    c = c+1
    time.sleep(1)

if __name__ == "__main__":
  daemonize()
  _example_main()
'''
第一个fork是为了让shell返回,同时让你完成setsid(从你的控制终端移除,这样就不会意外地收到信号)。setsid使得这个进程成为“会话领导(session leader)”,即如果这个进程打开任何终端,该终端就会成为此进程的控制终端。我们不需要一个守护进程有任何控制终端,所以我们又fork一次。在第二次fork之后,此进程不再是一个“会话领导”,这样它就能打开任何文件(包括终端)且不会意外地再次获得一个控制终端

另外说明:
umask()函数为进程设置文件模式创建屏蔽字,并返回以前的值
在shell命令行输入:umask 就可知当前文件模式创建屏蔽字
常见的几种umask值是002,022和027,002阻止其他用户写你的文件,022阻止同组成员和其他用户写你的文件,027阻止同组成员写你的文件以及其他用户读写或执行你的文件
rwx-rwx-rwx 代表是777 所有的人都具有权限读写与执行

chmod()改变文件的权限位
int dup(int filedes) 返回新文件描述符一定是当前文件描述符中的最小数值
int dup2(int filedes, int filedes2);这两个函数返回的新文件描述符与参数filedes共享同一个文件表项。
'''
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