正则表达式是一种特殊序列的字符,它通过使用有专门语法的模式来匹配或查找其他字符串或字符串集合。
语法
正则表达式从字面上看是一种介于斜杠之间或介于跟在 %r 后的任意分隔符之间的模式,如下所示:
/pattern/ /pattern/im # 可以指定选项 %r!/usr/local! # 一般的分隔的正则表达式 实例 #!/usr/bin/ruby line1 = "Cats are smarter than dogs"; line2 = "Dogs also like meat"; if ( line1 =~ /Cats(.*)/ ) puts "Line1 contains Cats" end if ( line2 =~ /Cats(.*)/ ) puts "Line2 contains Dogs" end
这将产生以下结果:
Line1 contains Cats
正则表达式修饰符
正则表达式从字面上看可能包含一个可选的修饰符,用于控制各方面的匹配。修饰符在第二个斜杠字符后指定,如上面实例所示。下标列出了 可能的修饰符:
就像字符串通过 %Q 进行分隔一样,Ruby 允许您以 %r 作为正则表达式的开头,后面跟着任意分隔符。这在描述包含大量您不想转义的斜杠字符时非常有用。
# 下面匹配单个斜杠字符,不转义 %r|/| # Flag 字符可通过下面的语法进行匹配 %r[</(.*)>]i
正则表达式模式
除了控制字符,(+ ? . * ^ $ ( ) [ ] { } | \),其他所有字符都匹配本身。您可以通过在控制字符前放置一个反斜杠来对控制字符进行转义。
下表列出了 Ruby 中可用的正则表达式语法。
搜索和替换
sub 和 gsub 及它们的替代变量 sub! 和 gsub! 是使用正则表达式时重要的字符串方法。
所有这些方法都是使用正则表达式模式执行搜索与替换操作。sub 和 sub! 替换模式的第一次出现,gsub 和 gsub! 替换模式的所有出现。
sub 和 gsub 返回一个新的字符串,保持原始的字符串不被修改,而 sub! 和 gsub! 则会修改它们调用的字符串。
下面是一个实例:
#!/usr/bin/ruby phone = "2004-959-559 #This is Phone Number" # 删除 Ruby 的注释 phone = phone.sub!(/#.*$/, "") puts "Phone Num : #{phone}" # 移除数字以外的其他字符 phone = phone.gsub!(/\D/, "") puts "Phone Num : #{phone}"
这将产生以下结果:
Phone Num : 2004-959-559 Phone Num : 2004959559
下面是另一个实例:
#!/usr/bin/ruby text = "rails are rails, really good Ruby on Rails" # 把所有的 "rails" 改为 "Rails" text.gsub!("rails", "Rails") # 把所有的单词 "Rails" 都改成首字母大写 text.gsub!(/\brails\b/, "Rails") puts "#{text}"
这将产生以下结果:
Rails are Rails, really good Ruby on Rails

Python's flexibility is reflected in multi-paradigm support and dynamic type systems, while ease of use comes from a simple syntax and rich standard library. 1. Flexibility: Supports object-oriented, functional and procedural programming, and dynamic type systems improve development efficiency. 2. Ease of use: The grammar is close to natural language, the standard library covers a wide range of functions, and simplifies the development process.

Python is highly favored for its simplicity and power, suitable for all needs from beginners to advanced developers. Its versatility is reflected in: 1) Easy to learn and use, simple syntax; 2) Rich libraries and frameworks, such as NumPy, Pandas, etc.; 3) Cross-platform support, which can be run on a variety of operating systems; 4) Suitable for scripting and automation tasks to improve work efficiency.

Yes, learn Python in two hours a day. 1. Develop a reasonable study plan, 2. Select the right learning resources, 3. Consolidate the knowledge learned through practice. These steps can help you master Python in a short time.

Python is suitable for rapid development and data processing, while C is suitable for high performance and underlying control. 1) Python is easy to use, with concise syntax, and is suitable for data science and web development. 2) C has high performance and accurate control, and is often used in gaming and system programming.

The time required to learn Python varies from person to person, mainly influenced by previous programming experience, learning motivation, learning resources and methods, and learning rhythm. Set realistic learning goals and learn best through practical projects.

Python excels in automation, scripting, and task management. 1) Automation: File backup is realized through standard libraries such as os and shutil. 2) Script writing: Use the psutil library to monitor system resources. 3) Task management: Use the schedule library to schedule tasks. Python's ease of use and rich library support makes it the preferred tool in these areas.

To maximize the efficiency of learning Python in a limited time, you can use Python's datetime, time, and schedule modules. 1. The datetime module is used to record and plan learning time. 2. The time module helps to set study and rest time. 3. The schedule module automatically arranges weekly learning tasks.

Python excels in gaming and GUI development. 1) Game development uses Pygame, providing drawing, audio and other functions, which are suitable for creating 2D games. 2) GUI development can choose Tkinter or PyQt. Tkinter is simple and easy to use, PyQt has rich functions and is suitable for professional development.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

Hot Tools

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows
This project is in the process of being migrated to osdn.net/projects/mingw, you can continue to follow us there. MinGW: A native Windows port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), freely distributable import libraries and header files for building native Windows applications; includes extensions to the MSVC runtime to support C99 functionality. All MinGW software can run on 64-bit Windows platforms.

EditPlus Chinese cracked version
Small size, syntax highlighting, does not support code prompt function

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

SublimeText3 Linux new version
SublimeText3 Linux latest version

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment