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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython TutorialPython配置文件解析模块ConfigParser使用实例

一、ConfigParser简介

ConfigParser 是用来读取配置文件的包。配置文件的格式如下:中括号“[ ]”内包含的为section。section 下面为类似于key-value 的配置内容。

复制代码 代码如下:

 [db]
 db_host = 127.0.0.1
 db_port = 22
 db_user = root
 db_pass = rootroot
 
 [concurrent]
 thread = 10
 processor = 20

中括号“[ ]”内包含的为section。紧接着section 为类似于key-value 的options 的配置内容。
 
二、ConfigParser 初始工作

使用ConfigParser 首选需要初始化实例,并读取配置文件:

复制代码 代码如下:

 cf = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
 cf.read("配置文件名")

三、ConfigParser 常用方法

1. 获取所有sections。也就是将配置文件中所有“[ ]”读取到列表中:

复制代码 代码如下:

 s = cf.sections()
 print 'section:', s

将输出(以下将均以简介中配置文件为例):
复制代码 代码如下:

 section: ['db', 'concurrent']

2. 获取指定section 的options。即将配置文件某个section 内key 读取到列表中:
复制代码 代码如下:

 o = cf.options("db")
 print 'options:', o

将输出:
复制代码 代码如下:

 options: ['db_host', 'db_port', 'db_user', 'db_pass']

3. 获取指定section 的配置信息。
复制代码 代码如下:

 v = cf.items("db")
 print 'db:', v

将输出:
复制代码 代码如下:

 db: [('db_host', '127.0.0.1'), ('db_port', '22'), ('db_user', 'root'), ('db_pass', 'rootroot')]

4. 按照类型读取指定section 的option 信息。
同样的还有getfloat、getboolean。
复制代码 代码如下:

 #可以按照类型读取出来
 db_host = cf.get("db", "db_host")
 db_port = cf.getint("db", "db_port")
 db_user = cf.get("db", "db_user")
 db_pass = cf.get("db", "db_pass")
 
 # 返回的是整型的
 threads = cf.getint("concurrent", "thread")
 processors = cf.getint("concurrent", "processor")
 
 print "db_host:", db_host
 print "db_port:", db_port
 print "db_user:", db_user
 print "db_pass:", db_pass
 print "thread:", threads
 print "processor:", processors

将输出:
复制代码 代码如下:

 db_host: 127.0.0.1
 db_port: 22
 db_user: root
 db_pass: rootroot
 thread: 10
 processor: 20

5. 设置某个option 的值。(记得最后要写回)
复制代码 代码如下:

 cf.set("db", "db_pass", "zhaowei")
 cf.write(open("test.conf", "w"))

6.添加一个section。(同样要写回)
复制代码 代码如下:

 cf.add_section('liuqing')
 cf.set('liuqing', 'int', '15')
 cf.set('liuqing', 'bool', 'true')
 cf.set('liuqing', 'float', '3.1415')
 cf.set('liuqing', 'baz', 'fun')
 cf.set('liuqing', 'bar', 'Python')
 cf.set('liuqing', 'foo', '%(bar)s is %(baz)s!')
 cf.write(open("test.conf", "w"))

7. 移除section 或者option 。(只要进行了修改就要写回的哦)
复制代码 代码如下:

 cf.remove_option('liuqing','int')
 cf.remove_section('liuqing')
 cf.write(open("test.conf", "w"))

复制代码 代码如下:

#!/usr/bin/env python
from ConfigParser import ConfigParser
CONFIGFILE="f.txt"
config=ConfigParser()
config.read(CONFIGFILE)
print config.get('messages','greeting')
radius=input(config.get('messages','questions')+' ')
print config.get('messages','result')
print config.getfloat('numbers','pi')*radius**2

s=config.sections()
print'section: ',s
o=config.options('messages')
print'messages option: ',o
v=config.items("messages")
print'message de xinxi: ',v

config.add_section('liuyang1')
config.set('liuyang1','int','15')
config.set('liuyang'1,'hhhh','hello world')
config.write(open("f.txt","w"))
print config.get('liuyang1','int')
print config.get('liuyang1','hhhh')


复制代码 代码如下:

#!/usr/bin/env python
import ConfigParser
import sys
config=ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
config.add_section("book1")
config.set("book1","title","hello world")
config.set("book1","aut","log")
config.write(open("f.txt","w"))
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