引用是指保存的值为对象的地址。在 Python 语言中,一个变量保存的值除了基本类型保存的是值外,其它都是引用,因此对于它们的使用就需要小心一些。下面举个例子:
问题描述:已知一个列表,求生成一个新的列表,列表元素是原列表的复制
a=[1,2]
b=a
这种做法其实并未真正生成一个新的列表,b指向的仍然是a所指向的对象。这样,如果对a或b的元素进行修改,a,b的值同时发生变化。
解决的方法为:
a=[1,2]
b=a[:]
这样修改a对b没有影响。修改b对a没有影响。
但 这种方法只适用于简单列表,也就是列表中的元素都是基本类型,如果列表元素还存在列表的话,这种方法就不适用了。原因就是,象a[:]这种处理,只是将列 表元素的值生成一个新的列表,如果列表元素也是一个列表,如:a=[1,[2]],那么这种复制对于元素[2]的处理只是复制[2]的引用,而并未生成 [2]的一个新的列表复制。为了证明这一点,测试步骤如下:
>>> a=[1,[2]]
>>> b=a[:]
>>> b
[1, [2]]
>>> a[1].append(3)
>>> a
[1, [2, 3]]
>>> b
[1, [2, 3]]
可见,对a的修改影响到了b。如果解决这一问题,可以使用copy模块中的deepcopy函数。修改测试如下:
>>> import copy
>>> a=[1,[2]]
>>> b=copy.deepcopy(a)
>>> b
[1, [2]]
>>> a[1].append(3)
>>> a
[1, [2, 3]]
>>> b
[1, [2]]
有时候知道这一点是非常重要的,因为可能你的确需要一个新的列表,并且对这个新的列表进行操作,同时不想影响原来的列表。

Python's flexibility is reflected in multi-paradigm support and dynamic type systems, while ease of use comes from a simple syntax and rich standard library. 1. Flexibility: Supports object-oriented, functional and procedural programming, and dynamic type systems improve development efficiency. 2. Ease of use: The grammar is close to natural language, the standard library covers a wide range of functions, and simplifies the development process.

Python is highly favored for its simplicity and power, suitable for all needs from beginners to advanced developers. Its versatility is reflected in: 1) Easy to learn and use, simple syntax; 2) Rich libraries and frameworks, such as NumPy, Pandas, etc.; 3) Cross-platform support, which can be run on a variety of operating systems; 4) Suitable for scripting and automation tasks to improve work efficiency.

Yes, learn Python in two hours a day. 1. Develop a reasonable study plan, 2. Select the right learning resources, 3. Consolidate the knowledge learned through practice. These steps can help you master Python in a short time.

Python is suitable for rapid development and data processing, while C is suitable for high performance and underlying control. 1) Python is easy to use, with concise syntax, and is suitable for data science and web development. 2) C has high performance and accurate control, and is often used in gaming and system programming.

The time required to learn Python varies from person to person, mainly influenced by previous programming experience, learning motivation, learning resources and methods, and learning rhythm. Set realistic learning goals and learn best through practical projects.

Python excels in automation, scripting, and task management. 1) Automation: File backup is realized through standard libraries such as os and shutil. 2) Script writing: Use the psutil library to monitor system resources. 3) Task management: Use the schedule library to schedule tasks. Python's ease of use and rich library support makes it the preferred tool in these areas.

To maximize the efficiency of learning Python in a limited time, you can use Python's datetime, time, and schedule modules. 1. The datetime module is used to record and plan learning time. 2. The time module helps to set study and rest time. 3. The schedule module automatically arranges weekly learning tasks.

Python excels in gaming and GUI development. 1) Game development uses Pygame, providing drawing, audio and other functions, which are suitable for creating 2D games. 2) GUI development can choose Tkinter or PyQt. Tkinter is simple and easy to use, PyQt has rich functions and is suitable for professional development.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

Hot Tools

SecLists
SecLists is the ultimate security tester's companion. It is a collection of various types of lists that are frequently used during security assessments, all in one place. SecLists helps make security testing more efficient and productive by conveniently providing all the lists a security tester might need. List types include usernames, passwords, URLs, fuzzing payloads, sensitive data patterns, web shells, and more. The tester can simply pull this repository onto a new test machine and he will have access to every type of list he needs.

WebStorm Mac version
Useful JavaScript development tools

mPDF
mPDF is a PHP library that can generate PDF files from UTF-8 encoded HTML. The original author, Ian Back, wrote mPDF to output PDF files "on the fly" from his website and handle different languages. It is slower than original scripts like HTML2FPDF and produces larger files when using Unicode fonts, but supports CSS styles etc. and has a lot of enhancements. Supports almost all languages, including RTL (Arabic and Hebrew) and CJK (Chinese, Japanese and Korean). Supports nested block-level elements (such as P, DIV),

VSCode Windows 64-bit Download
A free and powerful IDE editor launched by Microsoft

DVWA
Damn Vulnerable Web App (DVWA) is a PHP/MySQL web application that is very vulnerable. Its main goals are to be an aid for security professionals to test their skills and tools in a legal environment, to help web developers better understand the process of securing web applications, and to help teachers/students teach/learn in a classroom environment Web application security. The goal of DVWA is to practice some of the most common web vulnerabilities through a simple and straightforward interface, with varying degrees of difficulty. Please note that this software