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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython TutorialPython中使用copy模块实现列表(list)拷贝

引用是指保存的值为对象的地址。在 Python 语言中,一个变量保存的值除了基本类型保存的是值外,其它都是引用,因此对于它们的使用就需要小心一些。下面举个例子:

问题描述:已知一个列表,求生成一个新的列表,列表元素是原列表的复制

复制代码 代码如下:

a=[1,2]
b=a

这种做法其实并未真正生成一个新的列表,b指向的仍然是a所指向的对象。这样,如果对a或b的元素进行修改,a,b的值同时发生变化。

解决的方法为:

复制代码 代码如下:

a=[1,2]
b=a[:]

这样修改a对b没有影响。修改b对a没有影响。

但 这种方法只适用于简单列表,也就是列表中的元素都是基本类型,如果列表元素还存在列表的话,这种方法就不适用了。原因就是,象a[:]这种处理,只是将列 表元素的值生成一个新的列表,如果列表元素也是一个列表,如:a=[1,[2]],那么这种复制对于元素[2]的处理只是复制[2]的引用,而并未生成 [2]的一个新的列表复制。为了证明这一点,测试步骤如下:

复制代码 代码如下:

>>> a=[1,[2]]
>>> b=a[:]
>>> b
[1, [2]]
>>> a[1].append(3)
>>> a
[1, [2, 3]]
>>> b
[1, [2, 3]]

可见,对a的修改影响到了b。如果解决这一问题,可以使用copy模块中的deepcopy函数。修改测试如下:
复制代码 代码如下:

>>> import copy
>>> a=[1,[2]]
>>> b=copy.deepcopy(a)
>>> b
[1, [2]]
>>> a[1].append(3)
>>> a
[1, [2, 3]]
>>> b
[1, [2]]

有时候知道这一点是非常重要的,因为可能你的确需要一个新的列表,并且对这个新的列表进行操作,同时不想影响原来的列表。
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