python文件读写
python 进行文件读写的内建函数是open或file
file_hander(文件句柄或者叫做对象)= open(filename,mode)
mode:
模式 说明
r 只读
r+ 读写
w 写入,先删除源文件,在重新写入,如果文件没有则创建
w+ 读写,先删除源文件,在重新写入,如果文件没有则创建(可以写入写出)
读文件:
>>> fo = open("/root/a.txt") >>> fo
<open file '/root/a.txt', mode 'r' at 0x7f5095dec4e0>
>>> fo.read()
'hello davehe\ni am emily\nemily emily\n'
>>> fo.close() >>> fo.read() #对象已关闭,在读取就读不到
Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> ValueError: I/O operation on closed file
>>> f1 = file("/root/a.txt") >>> f1.read()
'hello davehe\ni am emily\nemily emily\n'
>>> f1.close()
写文件:
root@10.1.6.200:~# ls -l new.txt
ls: cannot access new.txt: No such file or directory
>>> fnew = open("/root/new.txt",'w') w参数文件没有则创建 >>> fnew.write('hello \n i am dave')
这时查看文件数据其实还只是在缓存区中,没有真正落到文件上.
root@10.1.6.200:~# cat new.txt root@10.1.6.200:~#
只要我把文件关闭,数据会从缓存区写到文件里
>>> fnew.close() root@10.1.6.200:~# cat new.txt
hello i am dave
再次使用w参数,文件会被清空,所以用该参数需要谨慎.
>>> fnew = open("/root/new.txt","w")
root@10.1.6.200:~# cat new.txt root@10.1.6.200:~#
mode使用r+参数:
>>> fnew = open("/root/new.txt",'r+') >>> fnew.read()
'hello dave'
>>> fnew.write('i am dave') >>> fnew.close()
root@10.1.6.200:~# cat new.txt
hello davei am dave
这次打开文件,直接写入,会发现ooo替换开头字母,因为上面读取操作使用了指针在写就写在后面.而这次是直接从头写入.
>>> fnew = open("/root/new.txt",'r+') >>> fnew.write('ooo') >>> fnew.close()
root@10.1.6.200:~# cat new.txt
ooolo davei am dave
文件对象方法
下面文件对象方法
- FileObject.close()
- String=FileObject.readline([size])
- List = FileObject.readlines([size])
- String = FileObject.read([size]) read:读取所有数据
- FileObject.next()
- FileObject.write(string)
- FileObject.writelines(List)
- FlieObject.seek(偏移量,选项)
- FlieObject.flush() 提交更新
>>> for i in open("/root/a.txt"): 用open可以返回迭代类型的变量,可以逐行读取数据 ... print i ...
hello davehe i am emily emily emily
FileObject.readline: 每次读取文件的一行,size是指每行每次读取size个字节,直到行的末尾,超出范围会读取空字符串
>>> f1 = open("/root/a.txt") >>> f1.readline()
'hello davehe\n'
>>> f1.readline()
'i am emily\n'
>>> f1.readline()
'emily emily\n'
>>> f1.readline() '' >>> f1.readline() '' >>>f1.close()
FileObject.readlines:返回一个列表
>>> f1 = open("/root/a.txt") >>> f1.readlines()
['hello davehe\n', 'i am emily\n', 'emily emily\n']''
FileObject.next:返回当前行,并将文件指针到下一行,超出范围会给予警示,停止迭代.
>>> f1 = open("/root/a.txt") >>> f1.next()
'hello davehe\n'
>>> f1.next()
'i am emily\n'
>>> f1.next()
'emily emily\n'
>>> f1.next()
Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> StopIteration
FileObject.write:write和后面writelines在写入前会是否清除文件中原来所有的数据,在重新写入新的内容,取决于打开文件的模式.
FileObject.writelines(List):多行写,效率比write高,速度更快,少量写入可以使用write
>>> l = ["python\n","python\n","python\n"] >>> f1 = open('/root/a.txt','a') >>> f1.writelines(l) >>> f1.close()
root@10.1.6.200:~# cat a.txt
hello davehe i am emily emily emily python python python
FlieObject.seek(偏移量,选项):可以在文件中移动文件指针到不同的位置.
位置的默认值为0,代表从文件开头算起(即绝对偏移量),1代表从当前位置算起,2代表从文件末尾算起.
>>> f1 = open('/root/a.txt','r+') >>> f1.read()
'hello davehe\ni am emily\nemily emily\npython\npython\npython\n'
>>> f1.seek(0,0) 指针指到开头,在读 >>> f1.read()
'hello davehe\ni am emily\nemily emily\npython\npython\npython\n'
>>> f1.read() '' >>> f1.seek(0,0) >>> f1.seek(0,2) 指针指到末尾,在读 >>> f1.read() ''
下面看个小实例,查找a.txt中emily出现几次
root@10.1.6.200:~# vim file.py
#!/usr/bin/env python import re f1 = open('/root/a.txt') count = 0 for s in f1.readlines(): li = re.findall("emily",s) if len(li) > 0: count = count + len(li) print "this is have %d emily" % count f1.close()
root@10.1.6.200:~# cat a.txt
hello davehe i am emily emily emily
root@10.1.6.200:~# python file.py
this is have 3 emily

TomergelistsinPython,youcanusethe operator,extendmethod,listcomprehension,oritertools.chain,eachwithspecificadvantages:1)The operatorissimplebutlessefficientforlargelists;2)extendismemory-efficientbutmodifiestheoriginallist;3)listcomprehensionoffersf

In Python 3, two lists can be connected through a variety of methods: 1) Use operator, which is suitable for small lists, but is inefficient for large lists; 2) Use extend method, which is suitable for large lists, with high memory efficiency, but will modify the original list; 3) Use * operator, which is suitable for merging multiple lists, without modifying the original list; 4) Use itertools.chain, which is suitable for large data sets, with high memory efficiency.

Using the join() method is the most efficient way to connect strings from lists in Python. 1) Use the join() method to be efficient and easy to read. 2) The cycle uses operators inefficiently for large lists. 3) The combination of list comprehension and join() is suitable for scenarios that require conversion. 4) The reduce() method is suitable for other types of reductions, but is inefficient for string concatenation. The complete sentence ends.

PythonexecutionistheprocessoftransformingPythoncodeintoexecutableinstructions.1)Theinterpreterreadsthecode,convertingitintobytecode,whichthePythonVirtualMachine(PVM)executes.2)TheGlobalInterpreterLock(GIL)managesthreadexecution,potentiallylimitingmul

Key features of Python include: 1. The syntax is concise and easy to understand, suitable for beginners; 2. Dynamic type system, improving development speed; 3. Rich standard library, supporting multiple tasks; 4. Strong community and ecosystem, providing extensive support; 5. Interpretation, suitable for scripting and rapid prototyping; 6. Multi-paradigm support, suitable for various programming styles.

Python is an interpreted language, but it also includes the compilation process. 1) Python code is first compiled into bytecode. 2) Bytecode is interpreted and executed by Python virtual machine. 3) This hybrid mechanism makes Python both flexible and efficient, but not as fast as a fully compiled language.

Useaforloopwheniteratingoverasequenceorforaspecificnumberoftimes;useawhileloopwhencontinuinguntilaconditionismet.Forloopsareidealforknownsequences,whilewhileloopssuitsituationswithundeterminediterations.

Pythonloopscanleadtoerrorslikeinfiniteloops,modifyinglistsduringiteration,off-by-oneerrors,zero-indexingissues,andnestedloopinefficiencies.Toavoidthese:1)Use'i


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

mPDF
mPDF is a PHP library that can generate PDF files from UTF-8 encoded HTML. The original author, Ian Back, wrote mPDF to output PDF files "on the fly" from his website and handle different languages. It is slower than original scripts like HTML2FPDF and produces larger files when using Unicode fonts, but supports CSS styles etc. and has a lot of enhancements. Supports almost all languages, including RTL (Arabic and Hebrew) and CJK (Chinese, Japanese and Korean). Supports nested block-level elements (such as P, DIV),

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

WebStorm Mac version
Useful JavaScript development tools

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver Mac version
Visual web development tools
