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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython TutorialPython实现约瑟夫环问题的方法

本文实例讲述了Python实现约瑟夫环问题的方法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:

题目:0,1,...,n-1这n个数字排成一个圆圈,从数字0开始每次从这个圆圈里删除第m个数字。求出这个圆圈里剩下的最后一个数字。

定义函数f(n,m),表示每次在n个数字(0,1,...,n-1)中每次删除第m个数字后最后剩下的数字。

在n个数字中,假设第一个被删除的数字为k,那么删除k之后剩下的n-1个数字为0~k-1,k 1~n-1,并且下一次删除从数字k 1开始计数。第二个序列最后剩下的数字也就是我们要求的数字。于是我们对于剩下的n-1个数字重新编号,k 1编号为0,k 2编号为1,...,0编号为n-k-1,1编号为n-k,k-1编号为n-2,假设f(n-1, m) = x,即n-1个数中,每次删除第m个,最后剩下的数字编号为x,那么这个x就对应着原序列(n个数)中的编号(x + m) % n。可以得到递推关系:

f(n,m)=0, n=1
f(n,m)=[f(n-1,m) + m]%n n>1

Python代码:

#coding=utf8
'''
题目:0,1,...,n-1这n个数字排成一个圆圈,从数字0开始每次从这个圆圈里删除第m个数字。求出这个圆圈里剩下的最后一个数字。
'''
def josephus(n, m):
  if type(n) != type(1) or n <= 0:
    raise Exception('n must be an integer(n > 0)')
  if n == 1:
    return 0
  else:
    return (josephus(n - 1, m) + m) % n
if __name__ == '__main__':
  print josephus(8, 3)
  print josephus(1, 2)
  print josephus(0, 2)

更多关于Python相关内容可查看本站专题:《Python正则表达式用法总结》、《Python数据结构与算法教程》、《Python Socket编程技巧总结》、《Python函数使用技巧总结》、《Python字符串操作技巧汇总》、《Python入门与进阶经典教程》及《Python文件与目录操作技巧汇总》

希望本文所述对大家Python程序设计有所帮助。

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