打开文件
操作文件
1打开文件时,需要指定文件路径和打开方式
打开方式:
r:只读
w:只写
a:追加
“+”表示可以同时读写某个文件
r+:读写
w+:写读
a+:同a
U"表示在读取时,可以将 \r \n \r\n自动转换成 \n (与 r 或 r+ 模式同使用)
rU
r+U
"b"表示处理二进制文件(如:FTP发送上传ISO镜像文件,linux可忽略,windows处理二进制文件时需标注)
rb
wb
ab
f = open('test.log','r+',encoding='utf-') f.write('saf中sdhgrbfds') print(f.tell()) #查看当前指针位置,以字符为单位 f.seek() #指定当前指针位置,以字节为单位 print(f.read()) f.truncate() #读取指针之前的数据 print(f.tell()) f.close()
二:常见的文件运算
f = open('data', 'r') #以只读形式打开(默认就是只读)
f = open('f.txt', encoding='latin-1') #python3.0 Unicode文件
string = f.read() #把文件读入一个字符串中
string = f.read(N) #读取指针后的N个字节
string = f.readline() #读取下一行,包括行末标识符
alist = f.readlines() #读取整个文件到字符串列表
f.write() #将字符串写入文件
f.writelines() #将列表内所有字符串写入文件
f.close() #手动关闭
f.flush() #把输出缓冲区刷到硬盘中
f.seek(N) #将文件指针移到N处,以字节为单位
for line in open('data'):
print(line) #文件迭代器将文件一行行读出
open('f.txt','r').read() #read all at ance into string
三:在文件中存储并解析python对象
x,y,z = 41,42,43 s = 'spam' D = {'a':1, 'b':2} #字典对象 L = ['a','b','c'] #列表 f = open('f.txt','w') f.write(s + '\n') f.write('%s,%s,%s\n'%(x,y,z)) f.write(str(D)) f.write('\n') f.write(str(L)) f.close() print(open('f.txt').read()) #将文件内容输出 #从文件中取出数据,并判断其类型 ''' a = fi.readline() b = fi.readline() c = fi.readline() d = fi.readline() print(a,b,c,d,type(a),type(b),type(c),type(d)) ''' # 从文件中取出数据,并转换为存储前的类型 fi = open('f.txt') a = fi.readline().rstrip() #rstrip()去掉换行符 print(a,type(a)) b = fi.readline().rstrip().split(',') #字符串的split()方法,在括号中写入分隔符,将字符串分割为列表。 print(b,type(b)) c = fi.readline() C = eval(c) #调用内置函数eval(),将字符串转化为可执行的python代码。 print(C,type(C),type(c)) d = fi.readline() D = eval(d) print(D,type(D),type(d))
以上所述是小编给大家介绍的Python对文件操作知识汇总的相关知识,希望对大家有所帮助!

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