search
HomeBackend DevelopmentPython TutorialPython安装使用命令行交互模块pexpect的基础教程

一、安装
1、安装easy_install工具

wget http://peak.telecommunity.com/dist/ez_setup.py

python ez_setup.py 安装easy_install工具(这个脚本会自动去官网搜索下载并安装)

python ez_setup.py -U setuptools

升级easy_install工具

2、安装pexpect

easy_install Pexpect

测试一下:

[root@OMS python]# python
Python 2.7.3rc1 (default, Nov 7 2012, 15:03:45)
[GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-48)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import pexpect
>>> import pxssh
>>>

ok已经安装完成。


二、基本用法
1.run()函数
run功能相对简单,只能实现简单交互

复制代码 代码如下:

run(command,timeout=-1,withexitstatus=False,events=None,extra_args=None, logfile=None, cwd=None, env=None)


run运行命令,然后返回结果,与os.system类似.
示例:
pexpect.run('ls -la')
# 返回值(输出,退出状态)
(command_output, exitstatus) = pexpect.run('ls -l /bin', withexitstatus=1)
2.spawn类
spawn功能比run强大,可以实现更复杂交互
class spawn 
  __init__(self, command, args=[], timeout=30, maxread=2000, searchwindowsize=None, logfile=None, cwd=None, env=None)
timeout指定交互是等待的超时值;
maxread设置read buffer大小. 每次pexpect尝试从TTY(Teletype终端)从读取的最大字节数;
searchwindowsize 指定了从输入缓冲区中进行模式匹配的位置,默认从开始匹配;
logfile 参数指定日志的记录位置。
工作过程:
# 第一步与终端建立连接
child = pexpect.spawn('scp foo user@example.com:.')
# 第二步等待终端返回特定内容
child.expect('Password:')
# 第三步根据返回内容发送命令进行交互
child.sendline(mypassword)

3.pxssh类
pxssh是pexpect的派生类,用于建立ssh连接,比pexpect好用。

login()  建立到目标机器的ssh连接;
logout() 释放该连接;
prompt() 等待提示符,通常用于等待命令执行结束。


三、实例
写一个脚本给远程服务器发送命令,并返回结果。
脚本内容:

#!/usr/bin/python 
#2013-01-16 by larry 
import pexpect 
def login(port,user,passwd,ip,command): 
  child=pexpect.spawn('ssh -p%s %s@%s "%s"' %(port,user,ip,command)) 
  o='' 
  try: 
    i=child.expect(['[Pp]assword:','continue connecting (yes/no)?']) 
    if i == 0: 
      child.sendline(passwd) 
    elif i == 1: 
      child.sendline('yes') 
    else: 
      pass 
  except pexpect.EOF: 
    child.close() 
  else: 
    o=child.read() 
    child.expect(pexpect.EOF) 
    child.close() 
  return o 
 
hosts=file('hosts.list','r') 
for line in hosts.readlines(): 
  host=line.strip("\n") 
  if host: 
    ip,port,user,passwd,commands= host.split(":") 
    for command in commands.split(","): 
      print "+++++++++++++++ %s run:%s ++++++++++++" % (ip,command), 
      print login(port,user,passwd,ip,command)  
hosts.close()

使用方法:

python scripts.py

host.list文件内容如下:

192.168.0.21:22999:root:123456:cat /etc/redhat-release,df -Th,whoami
192.168.0.21:22999:root:123456:cat /etc/redhat-release,df -Th,whoami

返回结果:

+++++++++++++++ 192.168.0.21 run:cat /etc/redhat-release ++++++++++++
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 4
+++++++++++++++ 192.168.0.21 run:df -Th ++++++++++++
文件系统   类型  容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/cciss/c0d0p6
ext3  5.9G 4.4G 1.2G 80% /
/dev/cciss/c0d0p7
ext3  426G 362G  43G 90% /opt
/dev/cciss/c0d0p5
ext3  5.9G 540M 5.0G 10% /var
/dev/cciss/c0d0p3
ext3  5.9G 4.1G 1.5G 74% /usr
/dev/cciss/c0d0p1
ext3  487M  17M 445M  4% /boot
tmpfs    tmpfs  4.0G   0 4.0G  0% /dev/shm
+++++++++++++++ 192.168.0.21 run:whoami ++++++++++++
root

Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
Python vs. C  : Learning Curves and Ease of UsePython vs. C : Learning Curves and Ease of UseApr 19, 2025 am 12:20 AM

Python is easier to learn and use, while C is more powerful but complex. 1. Python syntax is concise and suitable for beginners. Dynamic typing and automatic memory management make it easy to use, but may cause runtime errors. 2.C provides low-level control and advanced features, suitable for high-performance applications, but has a high learning threshold and requires manual memory and type safety management.

Python vs. C  : Memory Management and ControlPython vs. C : Memory Management and ControlApr 19, 2025 am 12:17 AM

Python and C have significant differences in memory management and control. 1. Python uses automatic memory management, based on reference counting and garbage collection, simplifying the work of programmers. 2.C requires manual management of memory, providing more control but increasing complexity and error risk. Which language to choose should be based on project requirements and team technology stack.

Python for Scientific Computing: A Detailed LookPython for Scientific Computing: A Detailed LookApr 19, 2025 am 12:15 AM

Python's applications in scientific computing include data analysis, machine learning, numerical simulation and visualization. 1.Numpy provides efficient multi-dimensional arrays and mathematical functions. 2. SciPy extends Numpy functionality and provides optimization and linear algebra tools. 3. Pandas is used for data processing and analysis. 4.Matplotlib is used to generate various graphs and visual results.

Python and C  : Finding the Right ToolPython and C : Finding the Right ToolApr 19, 2025 am 12:04 AM

Whether to choose Python or C depends on project requirements: 1) Python is suitable for rapid development, data science, and scripting because of its concise syntax and rich libraries; 2) C is suitable for scenarios that require high performance and underlying control, such as system programming and game development, because of its compilation and manual memory management.

Python for Data Science and Machine LearningPython for Data Science and Machine LearningApr 19, 2025 am 12:02 AM

Python is widely used in data science and machine learning, mainly relying on its simplicity and a powerful library ecosystem. 1) Pandas is used for data processing and analysis, 2) Numpy provides efficient numerical calculations, and 3) Scikit-learn is used for machine learning model construction and optimization, these libraries make Python an ideal tool for data science and machine learning.

Learning Python: Is 2 Hours of Daily Study Sufficient?Learning Python: Is 2 Hours of Daily Study Sufficient?Apr 18, 2025 am 12:22 AM

Is it enough to learn Python for two hours a day? It depends on your goals and learning methods. 1) Develop a clear learning plan, 2) Select appropriate learning resources and methods, 3) Practice and review and consolidate hands-on practice and review and consolidate, and you can gradually master the basic knowledge and advanced functions of Python during this period.

Python for Web Development: Key ApplicationsPython for Web Development: Key ApplicationsApr 18, 2025 am 12:20 AM

Key applications of Python in web development include the use of Django and Flask frameworks, API development, data analysis and visualization, machine learning and AI, and performance optimization. 1. Django and Flask framework: Django is suitable for rapid development of complex applications, and Flask is suitable for small or highly customized projects. 2. API development: Use Flask or DjangoRESTFramework to build RESTfulAPI. 3. Data analysis and visualization: Use Python to process data and display it through the web interface. 4. Machine Learning and AI: Python is used to build intelligent web applications. 5. Performance optimization: optimized through asynchronous programming, caching and code

Python vs. C  : Exploring Performance and EfficiencyPython vs. C : Exploring Performance and EfficiencyApr 18, 2025 am 12:20 AM

Python is better than C in development efficiency, but C is higher in execution performance. 1. Python's concise syntax and rich libraries improve development efficiency. 2.C's compilation-type characteristics and hardware control improve execution performance. When making a choice, you need to weigh the development speed and execution efficiency based on project needs.

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

VSCode Windows 64-bit Download

VSCode Windows 64-bit Download

A free and powerful IDE editor launched by Microsoft

EditPlus Chinese cracked version

EditPlus Chinese cracked version

Small size, syntax highlighting, does not support code prompt function

WebStorm Mac version

WebStorm Mac version

Useful JavaScript development tools

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows

This project is in the process of being migrated to osdn.net/projects/mingw, you can continue to follow us there. MinGW: A native Windows port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), freely distributable import libraries and header files for building native Windows applications; includes extensions to the MSVC runtime to support C99 functionality. All MinGW software can run on 64-bit Windows platforms.