PL/SQL 日期时间类型函数及运算
内部存储格式:世纪、年、月、日、小时、分钟、秒
默认格式是:DD-MON-RR。
SYSDATE 返回当前的系统时间。
SELECT SYSDATE FROM DUAL;
对日期的数学运算
SELECT (SYSDATE-HIRE_DATE)/7 FROM TABLENAME WHERE ROWNUM;
数字列
ADD_MONTHS(date,x)函数,返回加上X月后的日期DATE的值。X可以是任意整数。如果结果的月份中所包含的 日分量少于DATE的月份的日分量,则返回结果月份的最后一天。如果不小于,则 结果与DATE的日分量相同。时间分量也相同。
CURRENT_DATE 以DATE类型返回会话时区当前的日期。这个函数同SYSDATE相似,除了SYSDATE不管当 会话时区。
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP[(precision)] 以TIMESTAMP WITH TIMEZONE 类型返回会话时区当前的日期。如果 指定precision,它指返回秒数的精度,缺省为6。
DBTIMEZONE 返回数据库的时区。
LAST_DAY(日期) 指定日期所在月份的最后一天的日期,这个函数可用来确定本月还有多少天。
LOCALTIMESTAMP[(precision)] 以TIMESTAMP类型返回会话时区的当前日期。如果指定precision,它指 返回秒数的精度,缺省为6 。
MONTHS_BETWEEN(离当前比较近的日期date1,以前的日期) 两个日期之间相差的月数(以日作为最小单位来计算的)。返回是相差的月数。如果date1和date2的日分量相同,或者这两个日期都分别是所在月的最后一天,那么返回结果是个整数。否则,返回结果包含一个分数,以一个月31天计算。
NEW_TIME(d,zone1,zone2)函数,当时区zone1中的日期和时间是D的时候,返回时区zone2中的日期和时间。
返回类型为DATE。zone1和zone2是字符字符串,另外的时区可在ORACLE9I中
通过查询V$TIMEZONE_NAMES得到。
NEXT_DAY (日期,星期几) 指定日期后将要遇到的后七天的某一天的日期。
ROUND(日期,‘MONTH/YEAR') 四舍五入得到新的日期。 保留位置是月和年
SESSIONTIMEZONE 返回当前会话的时区。返回类型是一个时区偏移或时区片名的字符字符串。如果指 定格式,则与 ALTER SESSION 语句中的格式相同。
SYS_EXTRACT_UTC(datetime) 从提供的DATETIME中以UTC(Coordinated Universal Time)返回时间。
DATETIME必须包含一个时区。
SYSTIMESTAMP 以TIMESTAMP WITH TIMEZONE 返回当前的日期和时间。当在分布式SQL语句中使用的时 候,返回本地数据库的日期和时间。
TRUNC(日期,‘MONTH/YEAR') 截取
TZ_OFFSET(timezone) 以字符字符串返回提供的timezone和UTC之间的偏移量。timezone可以被指定为时 区名或'+/-HH:HI'格式表示的偏移量。也可使用SESSIONTIMEZONE和 DBTIMEZONE函数,返回格式为'+/-HH:HI'。
字符字符串 时区
AST 大西洋标准时
ADT 大西洋夏令时
BST 白令标准时
BDT 白令夏令时
CST 中央标准时
CDT 中央夏令时
EST 东部标准时
EDT 东部夏令时
GMT 格林威治平均时
HST 阿拉斯加夏威夷标准时
HDT 阿拉斯加夏威夷夏令时
MST Mountain标准时
MDT Mountain夏令时
NST 纽芬兰标准时
PST 太平洋标准时
PDT 太平洋夏令时
YST YuKon标准时
YDT YuKon夏令时
日期和日期时间算术
运算 返回类型
结果
d1-d2 NUMBER
返回D1和D2之间相差的天数。该值是一个数值,其小数部分代表一天的几分之几。
dt1-dt2 INTERVAL
返回DT1和DT2之间的时间间隔。
i1-i2 INTERVAL
返回i1和i2之间的差距。
d1+d2 N/A
非法——仅能进行两个日期之间的相减。
dt1+dt2 N/A
非法——仅能进行两个日期之间的相减。
i1+i2 INTERVAL
返回i1和i2的和。
d1+n DATE
在D1上加上N天作为DATE类型返回。N可以是实数,它包含一天的几分之几。
d1-n DATE
从D1上减去N天作为DATE类型返回。N可以是实数,它包含一天的几分之几。
dt1+i1 DATETIME
返回DT1和I1的和。
dt1-i1 DATETIME
返回DT1和I1之间的差距。
i1*n INTERVAL
返回I1的N次方。
i1/n INTERVAL
返回I1除以N的值。
表中注:
D1和D2指日期值;
DT1和DT2指日期时间值;
I1和I2指时间间隔值;
N指数字值。

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