Oracle 8x监控sysdba角色用户登陆情况
正在看的ORACLE教程是:Oracle 8x监控sysdba角色用户登陆情况。 在Oracle 8i版本之前，使用internal用户来执行数据库的启动和关闭以及create database等操作；从8i版本以后，Oracle已经逐渐淘汰了internal用户，采用授与sysdba或者sysoper角色的用户才可以执行数据库的启动和关闭等操作，为保持用户习惯在8i中依旧保留了internal用户和svrmgrl，但已完全可以不使用svrmgrl工具和internal用户了。最新发布的oracle 9i已经完全淘汰了svrmgrl工具和internal用户。由于具有角色sysdba的用户权限很大，可以执行数据库的启动和关闭等操作，所以要对具有这些角色的用户进行监控在unix平台的Oracle数据库产品中，每次当用户以sysdba权限登陆数据库时，系统就自动创建一个名为ora_.aud的文件，该文件默认在$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/audit目录下。该文件的自动创建根本不需要系统打开审计功能。在这个文件中记录了连接的用户，终端机器的名称以及登陆时间等信息。根据这些信息，我们可以很容易地监控到是何人在何时以sysdba权限登陆数据库。下面是一个例子：
1. 首先在客户端sqlplus中以sysdba连接数据库服务器：
SQL> conn sys@gs1 as sysdba
请输入口令：********
已连接。
2. 查看服务器端$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/audit目录下最新的ora_.aud文件内容：
从上面文件中的内容我们可以看到，该文件详细记录了登陆时间，执行的操作，客户端用户的名称，以及登陆服务器终端机器的名称。根据这些信息我们就很容易确定何人何时以sysdba权限登陆过数据库服务器。注意ora_589980.aud文件中的汉字解释均为作者所加，不是系统自动生成。
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